Silence Is Face Saved or Lost †an Cultural Study of Politeness Free Essays

Theoretical The current paper centers around quietness; it is fundamentally committed to hypothesis investigation. It right off the bat audits significant perspectives on the thought of quiet, to be specific its different standards and capacities. At that point it delineates quiet with models as a neighborly methods during discussions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Quietness: Is Face Saved or Lost †a Cultural Study of Politeness or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now At last it sums up that quietness, as a nonverbal language, bears the same number of capacities as discourse, and in some cases it might realize unique outcomes. Presentation At the point when correspondence comes into question, in its broadest sense, two perspectives get most researchers’ eyesâ€speech and quietness. Discourse is a very recognizable subject, as when alluded, correspondence is frequently determined on discourse, while quiet is as a general rule a marvel which is out of mindfulness. As respects its systems, correspondence can generally fall into two partsâ€directness and aberrance, that is, the speaker can communicate something legitimately or by implication. Furthermore, to convey effectively, we rely upon both of the systems and both of the apparatuses, I. e. discourse and quiet. 2. Quiet and Politeness 1. The Notion of Silence has generally been viewed as delimiting the start and end of articulations, or taken just for inaction in open settings, or as most analysts have characterized, rewarded as only foundation. In actuality, quiet plays a focal significance in informative settings. The proper comprehension of the idea of quiet can be accomplished by the comprehension of its different structures and capacities. 2. 1. 1 Its Various Forms Silence takes different structures. The littlest unit of quietness is the ordinarily unnoticed end of sound in the creation of consonants, which makes the example of consonants and vowels that makes â€Å"speech† of a vocal stream. Stopping follows and now and again is seen as wavering and at times not saw by any means, inside the surge of discourse making up a speaker’s turn, and between speaker turns. The following degree of quiet incorporates stops that are seen in connection, for example, calms in discussion. Longer than this is the finished quiet of one gathering to a discussion. The broadest degree of quietness is what gives the structure and foundation against which talk is checked and significant only by excellence of its event. (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). 2. 1. 2 Its Functions Owing to shifting levels, quietness bears a scope of capacities. At one shaft are the elements of delaying in subjective procedures, impression development, and as a major aspect of informative style halfway liable for social generalizing. At the other shaft are the elements of quiet as the foundation against which talk has meaning, or as the nonverbal movement which structures association. This article for the most part center around quiet itself as an informative gadget in association; either obstructer or facilitator of celestial motivation, and a methods for feeling the executives and show. Numerous scientists have talked about specific elements of quiet: Bruneau (1973) has managed â€Å"interactive silences†, which incorporate a wide cluster of capacities, from characterizing the job of inspector in an open trade, to giving social control, to exhibiting distinction, to demonstrating enthusiastic closeness, to overseeing individual cooperation; Jensen (1973) has likewise arranging its different capacities as linkage, friendship, disclosure, judgment, and enactment. 2. Quietness and Politeness Silence, somewhat, is the extraordinary sign of backhandedness. On the off chance that backhandedness involves saying a certain something and significance another, quietness can involve saying nothing and importance something. 1. Face-Saving View and Politeness In correspondence, individuals regularly mind their face, or to state, keep up their own picture. In their face-sparing perspective, Brown and Levinson (1978) sort face into â€Å"positive face† and â€Å"negative face†, characterize adverse face (NF) as â€Å"basic guarantee to domains, individual jam, rights to non-distractionâ€i. e. opportunity of activity and opportunity from imposition†. Constructive face (PF) alludes to â€Å"the constructive mental self portrait that individuals have and need to be valued and endorsed of by probably some people†. The two correlative sides of face have been alluded to as â€Å"distance versus involvement†, â€Å"deference versus solidarity†, and â€Å"autonomy versus connectional face†. Affableness is action serving to upgrade, keep up or ensure face. It comprises in people’s normal association, safeguarding the two sides of face for one another in inherently face-undermining acts (FTAs) by practicing different systems. 2. Quiet as a Polite Means As the outrageous appearance of backhandedness, quietness has two clashing yet concurrent perspectives on quiet: one positive, and one negative. The positive and negative valuation of quiet is a feature of the intrinsic vagueness of quietness as an image. The equivocalness of quietness can be believed to emerge either based on what is thought to be confirm or based on what is thought to be excluded. So quietness is likely the most vague of every single phonetic structure. 2. 2. 2. 1 The Role in Communication Silence does both great and awful in correspondence. From one viewpoint, it is valuable when one needs to be aberrant or to be affable by leaving alternatives. Quiet gives the listener time to think about a reaction what exactly has been said previously, and it very well may be utilized as a conflictâ€avoidance procedure. It is simpler to fix quiet than it is to fix words. For instance: A: We’ve got word that four Tanzanian colleagues from away will show up tomorrow. Be that as it may, with our huge family, we have no space to oblige them. (Suggested demand: â€Å"Would you help us out? ) B: [Silence; not joined by any particular motion or facial expression] (Denial: â€Å"I don’t need to† or â€Å"I don’t have any room either†) A: What do you think? B: Yes, that is an issue. Is it safe to say that you were ready to complete that report we were taking a shot at toward the beginning of today? The negative reaction in the social milieu wherein this occurred damaged A’s desire that visitors would be invited, and baffled his objective in starting the discussion (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). Another model follows: A: Please wed me. B: [Silence; head and eyes lowered] (Acceptance) The trade happened between Japanese speakers. For the young lady (B) to state anything would have been viewed as wrong in this extremely passionate circumstance (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). In the event that it had happened between Igbo speakers, quietness would be deciphered as forswearing in the event that she kept on remaining there and as acknowledgment whether she fled. An: Are you still frantic at me? B: [Silence] (Affirmative) It is significant that the quietness here passes on a message accurately in light of the fact that it shapes some portion of an interactional open structure. It doesn't deny or end the collaboration which would require some other demonstration, thus helpfully welcomes translation. In every one of these trades, speaker B chose quiet from the conceivable collection of reaction structures accessible to pass on their expected importance. In a word, quiet can be the positive way to keep from utilizing some determinate articulation, thinking about the spot of quietness comparable to other informative structures. Then again, one’s inability to state something that is normal in a given second by the other party can be deciphered as an indication of antagonistic vibe or idiocy. . 2. 2. 2 Silence, Face-Saving View and Politeness Silence is viewed as positive when taken as proof of the presence of something positive underlyingâ€for model, legitimate regard; the quiet of the phone when it speaks to isolation for inventive work; the quietness of, as the expression communicates, â€Å"sweet quiet thought†; and the quiet of ideal affinity between underwear who don't need to trade words. Be that as it may, quietness is likewise observed as positive whenever expected to speak to the oversight of something negativeâ€â€Å"If you can’t state something pleasant, don’t state anything†. Quietness turns into a terrible thing in the event that it appears to speak to the presence of something negativeâ€the quietness of fuming outrage. Be that as it may, it is likewise adversely esteemed on the off chance that it is expected to speak to the exclusion of something positiveâ€the quiet of the phone when you are restlessly anticipating a specific call; the oversight of a welcome which comprises being scorned; inaction in light of the fact that suitable move isn't being made. Consequently, quietness can be esteemed to have two advantages in compatibility and preventiveness (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). The compatibility advantage originates from being comprehended without putting one’s significance on record, so understanding is seen not as the aftereffect of placing importance into wordsâ€which apparently could be accomplished with any two individuals who talk the equivalent languageâ€but rather as the more noteworthy comprehension of shared point of view, understanding and closeness, the more profound feeling of communicating in a similar language. This is the positive estimation of quietness coming from the presence of something positive hidden. The guarded estimation of quietness originates from excluding to state something negativeâ€not defying conceivably troublesome data, or being capable later to deny having implied what may not be gotten well. These two advantages can likewise be deciphered as association and freedom, the two superseding objectives of human correspondence. The two objectives can be alluded to as the requirements for respect or separation from one perspective and fellowship on the other; or as positive faceâ€the should be endorsed of by others, and negative faceâ€the need not to be forced on by others. Methods of serving these requirements, t

Developing Outcomes Based Policy for Education

Creating Outcomes Based Policy for Education Since 1994, South Africa has encountered the arrangement cycle in a quick forward mode because of the change stage from the politically-sanctioned racial segregation time. Thus, arrangement structure, enactment and strategy usage have continued quickly in all parts. This change implied that a large number of the approaches that were acquired from the politically-sanctioned racial segregation time were wrong for the equitable administration. With this impact Roux (2002:420) takes note of that protected change has prompted change and change in practically all circles of government and organization. Such changes influenced practically all the useful fields of government, and thus re-imagined the job of arrangement and leaders. Resounding this conclusion Brynard (2005:3) states that an exceptional level of scholarly and political vitality was tackled to create open arrangements that would suit the present needs of the State. South Africa, in an approach setting, experienced a significant survey of strategies particularly somewhere in the range of 1995 and 1996; Brynard (2005:3) terms this period the White Paper Era. Brynard (2000:164-165) further expresses that after 1994, the fair government set out on a forceful procedure of arrangement plan so as to expel segregation in the administrations open approach and rule. This proceeded until the finish of 1990s. The second law based government (1999 to 2004) moved concentrate more towards usage of arrangements of an equitably chosen government, which despite everything proceeds. The focal point of this paper is on the exhibition of such approaches. Goldfrank (1998:1) features the significance of looking past the rapture that accompanies the establishment of new governments when surveying such governments execution. He battles that, in considering the moderately as of late democratized nations, researchers have to a great extent moved past the subject of changes to equitably chose governments and have started to pose inquiries with respect to the sort of majority rule governments that have emerged and how to continue vote based practices. Uniformly, political investigators and entertainers lament the nature of the new popular governments, highlighting some insufficiency, including insufficient councils, wasteful open organizations, degenerate legal authorities, and, maybe most strikingly governments powerlessness to convey their orders. Sanderson (2002:2) bolster this view when he brings up that with expanding addressing and investigation of open mediation in financial and social circles, governments are going to proof of execution for authenticity since it is no longer ensured exclusively by majority rule political procedures. This paper contends that for the administration to have the option to give proof of execution of its strategies, it must systematize a results based assessment framework. An Outcomes-based Policy Evaluation framework is introduced in this paper as an apparatus through which the administration can equitably show accomplishments of its approaches while simultaneously bookkeeping about the exhibition of its arrangements. Notwithstanding, for such a structure to be effective it must be implanted on an all around created proof based framework. Consequently, the scientist will contend that Evidence-based practice is a foundation for a results based arrangement execution framework. Thus an adage that the framework may be on a par with the information that it depends on remains constant for this paper. On the side of this composition, Rosanbalm, Owen, Rosch and Harrison (2009:6) battle that proof based arrangement gives a compelling instrument to build up, in an experimentally substantial way, what works or doesn't work, and for whom it works or doesn't work. With this organized way to deal with assessment, information can be utilized to improve work on, permitting fruitful projects to grow iteratively after some time. Without this methodology, mediations go all through training, little is found out about what works, and the adequacy of social projects doesn't progress fundamentally after some time. Thorough assessment can end the turning of haggles fast advancement to social strategy as it has to the field of medication. This paper, however disparaging of the developing arrangement assessment structure in SA, it recognizes the endeavors made in the approach field since 1994. Further, in recognizing difficulties, this paper tries to adopt a forward-looking strategy that would plot the issues which government must think about so as to build up a results based approach assessment structure. Research Problem Following fifteen years of approach execution, inquiries on whether such arrangements are conveying the proposed results are persistently being raised by various partners including the administration and the decision party, African National Congress (ANC). For example, since its milestone triumph in 1994, the ANC government has presented a few arrangements with the point of improving the day to day environments of the South Africans. Presently the problem that is confronting the decision party is its failure to equitably decide the degree to which the actualized approaches are enhancing the lives of the recently hindered networks. The ANC has emphasized this worry in its Strategy and Tactics archive of 2002 where it contends that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦policy administration duty is undermined by the general nonappearance of dependable and proper data that will assess approach execution and the effect of government arrangement choices. Where there is data accessible it is aggregated and impa rted by those answerable for usage, which brings up the issue with regards to the dependability and legitimacy of the proof that is being introduced to the Executive, Parliament and the decision party. This recommends execution estimation frameworks in government require genuine reevaluating. The greatest test is that most exhibition estimation frameworks in government are still info based and, and no more, report on yields without advocating input-yield proportion (Sangweni 2006:6). Schacter (1993:1) is exceptionally exact in his conclusion of the issue when he battles that open division execution has regularly been estimated as far as what the legislature has done, which means a measure of subsidizing gave, number of kilometers of street tarred, number of new clinic beds, etc. Such estimates center around how bustling the legislature has been as opposed to on what it has accomplished. They feature implies instead of closures. Schacter (1993:2) further contends it is not necessarily the case that monitoring implies, instead of finishes isnt significant. Governments need to quantify the amount they spend and do. In any case, when execution estimation centers too vigorously or only around what amount is spent - inputs or done yields rather than sway on society results the outcome is frequently that open segment associations dismiss why they were made in any case. Open associations might be extremely occupied however be achieving little from societys point of view. For instance, it would be purposeless for the Department of Transport to construct a large number of kilometers of streets to places where nobody ventures. The peril of this methodology, as verified by Radebe and Pierre (2007:110) is that associations take their own execution choices which may not be in accordance with national needs. One of the outcomes of the obvious nonappearance of vital initiative was called attention to as improper framework improvements, for example, constructing new stopping offices at Durban International Airport while the air terminal would be decommissioned in 2009. The motivation behind the Study and Research Questions The reason for this examination is to investigate the degree to which Evidence based and Results based administration approaches are being applied in SA in the territory of open arrangement with a point of improving strategy execution criticism (execution data or proof of whether strategies are fruitful or not). So as to accomplish this reason the analyst will be guided by two principle examine questions. The main inquiry to be tended to is: Why does the expanded thoughtfulness regarding results and responsibility converge with the developing interest for proof based strategies and projects? At the end of the day, how does the progression of associations between science (proof based arrangement making approach) and strategy making improve approach assessment? The specialist will fight that a legislature that premise its strategy choices on logical proof improves its odds of actualizing sound strategies as well as of executing powerful execution assessment of its arrangements. As indi cated by Lasswell (cited by Hoppe 1999:1), strategy science is about the creation and use of information on and in arrangement. Policymakers, who want to effectively handle issues on the political plan, ought to have the option to prepare the best accessible information. This requires top notch information in strategy. Policymakers and, in a vote based system, residents, additionally need to know how strategy forms truly develop. This requests exact information on arrangement. There is an undeniable connection between the two: the more and better information on approach, the simpler it is to prepare information in strategy. Hartig, DePinto, Stone and McIntyre (2003:1) saw that advising open approach with sound science has for quite some time been perceived as an essential requirement for viable strategy the executives However, conveying logical discoveries to arrangement producers in a valuable way has been dangerous. Arrangement producers have regularly needed auspicious access to logical data. What's more, when they do approach, this data is frequently excessively specialized and needs understanding to be genuinely valuable for dynamic. Plainly, there is a need to fortify science-strategy linkages so as to improve approach execution. The subsequent inquiry to be tended to is: what steps have been made by SA towards a results based approach execution assessment system Where are we and what are the holes? To this end, Scott (2006:87) contends that South Afric

What Are the Best Sources For USC DPT Essay Samples?

What Are the Best Sources For USC DPT Essay Samples?The US Navy is one of the best educational institutions in the world and one of the best sources of USC DPT essay samples. Their instructors are among the best in the business, and their courses are designed to prepare students for leadership positions in the civilian workplace. Even though this is the case, there is a large number of students who cannot seem to write an essay for the US Navy that they wish to pursue.These students often wish to follow in the footsteps of those who have accomplished their career track. By taking a course in writing for the US Navy you can find out what it takes to be successful at this task. If you want to take the right steps to advance your career, then you will need to write your own essay.Writing for the military can be difficult for students who are not accustomed to this type of writing. The first thing that you should do is find a course that is right for you. You should find a course that wi ll fit your personality, and at the same time that will train you on the correct grammar and punctuation. If you cannot find the proper course that will help you succeed, then you should go online and find your own program.Once you find a course that will prepare you for the challenge of writing for the US Navy, you will need to choose a course that will teach you how to research your topic. Research is an important part of writing for the military and you should learn how to do this in order to get the proper results. When you do not know the correct word to use or where to find this information, you will not be able to do your job well.If you find that you do not know how to research your topic, you should find a course that will teach you how to do this. This is an important skill to learn, and you should take the time to find the right resource for you. These are some of the best sources for USC DPT essay samples, and you should take the time to learn the skill to see if you hav e what it takes to succeed.Once you have learned how to research your topic, you will need to work on getting your thoughts down on paper before you can begin to prepare for your USC DPT essay samples. Although writing for the military can be difficult, you should learn the skills that will allow you to make the most of your experience. If you write and submit your essays on a regular basis, you should be able to progress into the next level of education and achieve your career goals.Your career will depend on how far you can progress in your military careers. By learning the right research techniques, you will be able to make your career a success. The more you advance, the more you will advance your career and the more prestigious you will become.Remember that while writing for the military can be difficult, it can also be one of the most rewarding things that you will ever do. The skills you learn and the knowledge you gain can help you progress in your career, and even increase your own prestige and influence in the civilian workplace.

Minoan Bronze Age Civilization of Ancient Crete

The Minoan civilization is what archaeologists have named the people who lived on the island of Crete during the early part of the prehistoric Bronze Age of Greece. We dont know what the Minoans called themselves: they were named Minoan by archaeologist Arthur Evans after the legendary Cretan King Minos. Bronze Age Greek civilizations are split by tradition into the Greek mainland (or Helladic), and the Greek islands (the Cycladic). The Minoans were the first and earliest of what scholars recognize as Greeks, and the Minoans have a reputation of having had a philosophy that harmonized with the natural world. The Minoans were based on Crete, located in the center of the Mediterranean Sea, about 160 kilometers (99 miles) south of the Greek mainland. It has a climate and culture different from that of other Bronze Age Mediterranean communities that arose both before and after. Bronze Age Minoan Chronology There are two sets of Minoan chronology, one which reflects stratigraphic levels in archaeological sites, and one which attempts to plot societal changes arising from events, particularly the size and complexity of Minoan palaces. Traditionally, Minoan culture is divided into a series of events. The simplified, event-driven chronology is first elements identified by archaeologists as Minoan appeared about 3000 B.C.E. (Pre-Palatial); Knossos was founded about 1900 B.C.E. (Proto-Palatial), Santorini erupted about 1500 B.C.E. (Neo-Palatial), and Knossos fell in 1375 B.C.E. Recent investigations suggest that Santorini may have erupted about 1600 B.C.E., making event-driven categories less than secure, but clearly, these absolute dates will continue to be controversial for some time to come. The best result is to combine the two. The following timeline is from Yannis Hamilakis 2002 book, Labyrinth Revisited: Rethinking Minoan Archaeology, and most scholars use it, or something like it, today. Minoan Timeline Late Minoan IIIC 1200-1150 B.C.E.Late Minoan II through Late Minoan IIIA/B 1450-1200 B.C.E. (Kydonia) (sites: Kommos, Vathypetro)Neo-Palatial (LM IA-LM IB) 1600-1450 B.C.E. (Vathypetro, Kommos, Palaikastro)Neo-Palatial (MMIIIB) 1700-1600 B.C.E. (Ayia Triadha, Tylissos, Kommos, Akrotiri)Proto-Palatial (MM IIA-MM IIIA) 1900-1700 B.C.E. (Knossos, Phaistos, Malia)Pre-Palatial (EM III/MM IA) 2300-1900 B.C.E. (Vasilike, Myrtos, Debla, Mochlos)Early Minoan IIB 2550-2300 B.C.E.Early Minoan IIA 2900-2550 B.C.E.Early Minoan I 3300-2900 B.C.E. During the Pre-Palatial period, sites on Crete consisted of single farmsteads and dispersed farming hamlets with nearby cemeteries. The farming hamlets were fairly self-sufficient, creating their own pottery and agricultural goods as necessary. Many of the graves in the cemeteries contained grave goods, including white marble figurines of women, hinting at the future cultic assemblages. Cultic sites located on local mountain tops called peak sanctuaries came into use by 2000 B.C.E. By the Proto-Palatial period, most of the people lived in larger coastal settlements which may have  been centers for maritime trading, such as Chalandriani on Syros, Ayia Irini on Kea, and Dhaskaleio-Kavos on Keros. Administrative functions involving the marking of shipped goods using stamp seals were in place at this time. Out of these larger settlements grew the Palatial civilizations on Crete. The capital was at Knossos, founded about 1900 B.C.E.; three other major palaces were located at Phaistos, Mallia, and Zacros. Minoan Economy Pottery technology and various artifacts of the first Neolithic (pre-Minoan) settlers on Crete suggest their possible origin from Asia Minor rather than mainland Greece. About 3000 B.C.E., Crete saw an influx of new settlers, probably again from Asia Minor. Long-distance trading emerged in the Mediterranean as early as EB I, propelled by the invention of the longboat (probably at the end of the Neolithic period), and the desire across the Mediterranean for metals, pottery forms, obsidian and other goods that were not readily available locally. It has been suggested that technology drove the Cretan economy to blossom, transforming the Neolithic society into a Bronze Age existence and development. The Cretan shipping empire eventually dominated the Mediterranean Sea, including mainland Greece and Greek Islands and eastward to the Black Sea. Among the major agricultural goods traded were olives, figs, grains, wine, and saffron.  The main written language of the Minoans was the script called Linear A, which has yet to be deciphered but may represent a form of early Greek. It was used for religious and accounting purposes from about 1800–1450 B.C.E., when it abruptly disappeared to be replaced by Linear B, a tool of the Mycenaeans, and one that we can read today. Symbols and Cults A considerable amount of scholarly research has focused on the Minoan religion and the impact of the social and cultural changes that occurred during the period. Much of the recent scholarship has focused on the interpretation of some of the symbols associated with Minoan culture. Women with Upraised Arms. Among the symbols associated with Minoans is the wheel-thrown terracotta female figurine with upraised arms, including the famous faience snake goddess found at Knossos. Beginning in late Middle Minoan times, Minoan potters made figurines of females holding their arms upward; other images of such goddesses are found on seal stones and rings. Decorations of the tiaras of these goddesses vary, but birds, snakes, disks, oval palettes, horns, and poppies are among the symbols used. Some of the goddesses have snakes coiling around their arms. The figurines fell out of use by the Late Minoan III A-B (Final Palatial), but appear again in LM IIIB-C (Post-Palatial). The Double Axe. The Double Axe is a pervasive symbol by Neopalational Minoan times, appearing as a motif on pottery and seal stones, found written in scripts and scratched into ashlar blocks for palaces. Mold-made bronze axes were also a common tool, and they may have been associated with a group or class of people connected with leadership in agriculture. Important Minoan Sites Myrtos, Mochlos, Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, Kommos, Vathypetro, Akrotiri. Palaikastro End of the Minoans For some 600 years, the Bronze Age Minoan civilization thrived on the island of Crete. But in the latter part of the 15th century B.C.E., the end came rapidly, with the destruction of several of the palaces, including Knossos. Other Minoan buildings were torn down and replaced, and domestic artifacts, rituals, and even the written language changed. All of these changes are distinctly Mycenaean, suggesting a population shift on Crete, perhaps an influx of people from the mainland bringing their own architecture, writing styles and other cultic objects with them. What caused this great shift? Although scholars are not in agreement, there are in fact three major plausible theories for the collapse. Theory 1: Santorini Eruption Between about 1600 and 1627 B.C.E., the volcano on Santorini island erupted, destroying the port city of Thera and decimating the Minoan occupation there. Giant tsunamis destroyed other coastal cities such as Palaikastro, which was completely inundated. Knossos itself was destroyed by another earthquake in 1375 B.C.E. There is no doubt that Santorini erupted, and it was devastating. The loss of the port on Thera was exceptionally painful: the economy of the Minoans was based on maritime trade and Thera was its most important port. But the volcano didnt kill everyone on Crete and there is some evidence that the Minoan culture didnt immediately collapse. Theory 2: Mycenaean Invasion Another possible theory is an ongoing conflict with the Mycenaeans mainland in Greece and/or New Kingdom Egypt, over control of the extensive trade network that had developed in the Mediterranean at the time. Evidence for the takeover by Mycenaeans includes the presence of scripts written in the ancient written form of Greek known as Linear B, and Mycenaean funerary architecture and burial practices such as the Mycenaean-type warrior graves. Recent strontium analysis shows that the people buried in warrior graves are not from the mainland, but rather were born and lived their lives on Crete, suggesting that the shift to a Mycenaean-like society may not have included a large Mycenaean invasion. Theory 3: Minoan Insurrection? Archaeologists have come to believe that at least a substantial portion of the reason for the downfall of the Minoans may have been internal political conflict. The strontium analysis research looked at the dental enamel and cortical thighbone from 30 individuals previously excavated from tombs in cemeteries within two miles of the Minoan capital of Knossos. Samples were taken from contexts both before and after the destruction of Knossos in 1470/1490, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios were compared to archaeological and modern animal tissues on Crete and Mycenae in the Argolid mainland. Analysis of these materials revealed that all of the strontium values of individuals buried near Knossos, whether before or after the destruction of the palace, were born and raised on Crete. None could have been born or raised on the Argolid mainland. A Collection End What archaeologists are considering, overall, is that the eruption on Santorini destroying the ports likely caused an immediate interruption in the shipping networks, but did not in itself cause collapse. The collapse came later, perhaps as escalating costs involved with replacing the port and replacing the ships created more pressure on the people on Crete to pay for rebuilding and maintaining the network. The Late Post-Palatial period saw the addition to the ancient shrines on Crete of large wheel-thrown pottery goddess figures with their arms stretched upward. Is it possible, as Florence Gaignerot-Driessen has supposed, that these are not goddesses per se, but votaries representing a new religion replacing the old? For an excellent comprehensive discussion of Minoan culture, see the University of Dartmouths History of the Aegean. Sources Angelakis, Andreas, et al. Minoan and Etruscan Hydro-Technologies. Water 5.3 (2013): 972-87. Print.Badertscher, S., et al. Speleothems as Sensitive Recorders of Volcanic Eruptions – the Bronze Age Minoan Eruption Recorded in a Stalagmite from Turkey. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 392 (2014): 58-66. Print.Cadoux, Anita, et al. Stratospheric Ozone Destruction by the Bronze-Age Minoan Eruption (Santorini Volcano, Greece). Scientific Reports 5 (2015): 12243. Print.Day, Jo. Counting Threads. Saffron in Aegean Bronze Age Writing and Society. Oxford Journal Of Archaeology 30.4 (2011): 369-91. Print.Ferrara, Silvia, and Carol Bell. Tracing Copper in the Cypro-Minoan Script. Antiquity 90.352 (2016): 1009-21. Print.Gaignerot-Driessen, Florence. Goddesses Refusing to Appear? Reconsidering the Late Minoan III Figures with Upraised Arms. American Journal of Archaeology 118.3 (2014): 489-520. Print.Grammatikakis, Ioannis, et al. New Evidence About the Use of Serpentinite in the Minoan Architecture. A ?-Raman Based Study of the â€Å"House of the High Priest† Drain in Knossos. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 16 (2017): 316-21. Print.  Hamilakis, Yannis. Labyrinth Revisited: Rethinking Minoan Archaeology. Oxford, England: Oxbow Books, 2002. Print.Hatzaki, Eleni. The End of an Intermezzo at Knossos: Ceramic Wares, Deposits, and Architecture in a Social Context. Intermezzo: Intermediacy and Regeneration in Middle Minoan Iii Palatial Crete. Eds. Macdonald, Colin F. and Carl Knappett. British School at Athens. London: The British School at Athens, 2013. 37-45. Print.Haysom, Matthew The Double-Axe: A Contextual Approach to the Understanding of a Cretan Symbol in the Neopalatial Period. Oxford Journal Of Archaeology 29.1 (2010): 35-55. Print.Knappett, Carl, Ray Rivers, and Tim Evans. The Theran Eruption and Minoan Palatial Collapse: New Interpretations Gained from Modelling the Maritime Network. Antiquity 85.329 (2011): 1008-23. Print.Molloy, Barry, et al. Life and Death of a Bronze Age House: Excavation of Early Minoan I Levels at Priniatikos Pyrgos. American Journal of Archaeology 118.2 (2014): 307-58. Print.Nuttall, Chris. Friend or Foe: Mycenaeanisation at Phylakopi on Melos in the Late Bronze Age. Rosetta 16 (2014): 15-36. Print.

Describing a Friend Dialogue for English Learners

Read the dialogue and the reading selection to learn about describing both male and female friends.   My Friend My friend Rich is coming to town next week. Have you ever met my him?No, I havent.Hes kind of crazy, but a great guy.Yeah, why do you say so? Whats he like?Hes really hard working, but very much a loner. Hes pretty talented and can do just about anything.Sounds interesting. Is he married?No, he isnt.What does he look like? Maybe my friend Alice would be interested in meeting him.Hes tall, slim and quite good looking. Im sure your friend would find him attractive. Whats she like?Shes outgoing and very athletic.Really? What sports does she like playing?Shes a great tennis player and also goes bicycling a lot.What does she look like?Shes kind of exotic looking. Shes got long dark hair and piercing black eyes. People think she is rather beautiful.Do you think she would like to meet Rich?Sure! Why dont we introduce them?Great idea! Key Vocabulary to be like used for character descriptionto like doing used to state general preferenceswould like to do used to state a specific wishlook like used to speak about physical appearanceloner likes to be alone a lotoutgoing very ambitious and does lots of activitiesathletic very good at sportsexotic from a little known locationpiercing looking deeply intorather very Differences in Vocabulary Between Men and Women Youve probably learned that the adjective handsome is generally used with men  and beautiful with women. Its a general rule, but there are certainly instances in which a woman is handsome or a man is beautiful. Of course, its all in the eye of the beholder.  The same can be said for the adjective pretty which is used with women. Whereas, cute is used when referring to either sex.   This is also true when speaking about a persons character. Any adjective can be used to describe either sex, but some are more common than others. Of course, these days, many people rightly complain about such stereotypes. Still, there are preferences that lie deep in the English language. Guys and gals used to be used to refer to men and women in an informal manner. These days, its common to refer to everyone as guys. Job names have also changed over the years. Its common to change words like businessman to businesswoman or business person. Other job titles such as stewardess are no longer in use.   These changes in vocabulary is an example of how English commonly changes with the times. In fact, English is such a flexible language that its difficult to understand English from four hundred years ago, whereas other languages such as Italian have changed relatively little in comparison.   Key Vocabulary to refer to either sex be used with both male and femalestereotype a general idea, often negative, of how a particular group of people actto change with the times to make changes as the culture changesin the eye of the beholder for the person who is taking noticeto lie deep in the language to be at the roots of a language

Millennials Drive For School Choice - 1894 Words

Millennials’ Drive for School Choice It is notable that the school system has major flaws where variation in methods has caused success and failure to come from different students; this is partially due to the way types of schools function. The flaws in the school system are highlighted in the chapter â€Å"Better Schools: Investing in our future,† from the book, When Millennials Rule: The Reshaping of America, written by David Jack Cahn. They are trying to bring the millennials’ future actions and beliefs to the attention of political campaign organizers. David and Jack Cahn are millennial activists and journalists whose book was publicized by Post Hills Press in 2014. Their book covers present day complications like debt, school reform, and the legalization of marijuana. These topics are highly concerning for millennials and some have been a part of the recent election ballot. I will analyze the chapter â€Å"Better Schools† focusing on charter scho ols. In attempt to improve the system, Millennials have shown initiative by proposing ideas of letting people choose the schools they send their children to, creating a more competitive environment within the school system. The millennials do seem like a unified voting bloc for this issue and do have the resources and know how to effect change. The school system is not working out in the eyes of the millennials and some of these millennials, particularly authors Cahn and Cahn, say â€Å"America’s public education system is broken†Show MoreRelatedGlobal Leadership : The Next Generation Of Global Leaders1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs Millennials continue to grow and dominate the workplace, leaders must identify the factors that will create the next generation of global leaders and how to effectively tap into the vast reservoirs of technological knowledge Millennials bring to the table. 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Cinematography In Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Cinematography In Macbeth Essay When I first watched the two episodes of MacBeth I noticed several differences in the was the two directors portrayed the settings and characters in witch scene. In the first movie I found the witch scene to be very dark and mysterious which made it easy to tell what the witches were doing and the fog and lightning gave me the impression that bad things were yet to come. This atmosphere is totally different from the second video though because the second one takes place on a clear beautiful beach which seems to be very peaceful. They way the second video started out it was kind of difficult to determine what was going on, but as the scene progressed it became easier to understand what was going on. By the was this scene was shot the viewer really has to follow because it seems really strange. It does not follow the typical stereotype of most witches and it is very irregular. The first movie just had a way creepier image to it with the scary music, the witches weird voices and the lightning and stuff going on in the background. At the beginning of the second movie scene Im given the impression that the witches are almost regular people until they start pulling out the arm and rope and stuff. I enjoyed the second movie scene more because it seemed more casual and it really caught my eye because you dont know what is going to happen next. I also liked it because it was simple and it didnt follow the trends of most witch scenes. When I first watched the beach scene I can honestly say that I dislike it, but as I watched it over and over and over and over again I began to notice the little things that made the scene creepy like the squawking seagulls and the mysterious arrival and depart of the witches. The beach seemed like an unlikely place to cast a spell which is why I enjoyed the second movie scene more. So in conclusion these movies are very different in the ways they portrayed the witch scenes at the beginning of Macbeth. They are two totally different styles or directing which both have their positive and negative qualities. Both scenes are based on the same play, but by the first scene it really doesnt seem that way because of the way the director filmed them. But viewing the two scenes changed my perspective on the film industry and how films can change and evolve.