Silence Is Face Saved or Lost †an Cultural Study of Politeness Free Essays

Theoretical The current paper centers around quietness; it is fundamentally committed to hypothesis investigation. It right off the bat audits significant perspectives on the thought of quiet, to be specific its different standards and capacities. At that point it delineates quiet with models as a neighborly methods during discussions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Quietness: Is Face Saved or Lost †a Cultural Study of Politeness or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now At last it sums up that quietness, as a nonverbal language, bears the same number of capacities as discourse, and in some cases it might realize unique outcomes. Presentation At the point when correspondence comes into question, in its broadest sense, two perspectives get most researchers’ eyesâ€speech and quietness. Discourse is a very recognizable subject, as when alluded, correspondence is frequently determined on discourse, while quiet is as a general rule a marvel which is out of mindfulness. As respects its systems, correspondence can generally fall into two partsâ€directness and aberrance, that is, the speaker can communicate something legitimately or by implication. Furthermore, to convey effectively, we rely upon both of the systems and both of the apparatuses, I. e. discourse and quiet. 2. Quiet and Politeness 1. The Notion of Silence has generally been viewed as delimiting the start and end of articulations, or taken just for inaction in open settings, or as most analysts have characterized, rewarded as only foundation. In actuality, quiet plays a focal significance in informative settings. The proper comprehension of the idea of quiet can be accomplished by the comprehension of its different structures and capacities. 2. 1. 1 Its Various Forms Silence takes different structures. The littlest unit of quietness is the ordinarily unnoticed end of sound in the creation of consonants, which makes the example of consonants and vowels that makes â€Å"speech† of a vocal stream. Stopping follows and now and again is seen as wavering and at times not saw by any means, inside the surge of discourse making up a speaker’s turn, and between speaker turns. The following degree of quiet incorporates stops that are seen in connection, for example, calms in discussion. Longer than this is the finished quiet of one gathering to a discussion. The broadest degree of quietness is what gives the structure and foundation against which talk is checked and significant only by excellence of its event. (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). 2. 1. 2 Its Functions Owing to shifting levels, quietness bears a scope of capacities. At one shaft are the elements of delaying in subjective procedures, impression development, and as a major aspect of informative style halfway liable for social generalizing. At the other shaft are the elements of quiet as the foundation against which talk has meaning, or as the nonverbal movement which structures association. This article for the most part center around quiet itself as an informative gadget in association; either obstructer or facilitator of celestial motivation, and a methods for feeling the executives and show. Numerous scientists have talked about specific elements of quiet: Bruneau (1973) has managed â€Å"interactive silences†, which incorporate a wide cluster of capacities, from characterizing the job of inspector in an open trade, to giving social control, to exhibiting distinction, to demonstrating enthusiastic closeness, to overseeing individual cooperation; Jensen (1973) has likewise arranging its different capacities as linkage, friendship, disclosure, judgment, and enactment. 2. Quietness and Politeness Silence, somewhat, is the extraordinary sign of backhandedness. On the off chance that backhandedness involves saying a certain something and significance another, quietness can involve saying nothing and importance something. 1. Face-Saving View and Politeness In correspondence, individuals regularly mind their face, or to state, keep up their own picture. In their face-sparing perspective, Brown and Levinson (1978) sort face into â€Å"positive face† and â€Å"negative face†, characterize adverse face (NF) as â€Å"basic guarantee to domains, individual jam, rights to non-distractionâ€i. e. opportunity of activity and opportunity from imposition†. Constructive face (PF) alludes to â€Å"the constructive mental self portrait that individuals have and need to be valued and endorsed of by probably some people†. The two correlative sides of face have been alluded to as â€Å"distance versus involvement†, â€Å"deference versus solidarity†, and â€Å"autonomy versus connectional face†. Affableness is action serving to upgrade, keep up or ensure face. It comprises in people’s normal association, safeguarding the two sides of face for one another in inherently face-undermining acts (FTAs) by practicing different systems. 2. Quiet as a Polite Means As the outrageous appearance of backhandedness, quietness has two clashing yet concurrent perspectives on quiet: one positive, and one negative. The positive and negative valuation of quiet is a feature of the intrinsic vagueness of quietness as an image. The equivocalness of quietness can be believed to emerge either based on what is thought to be confirm or based on what is thought to be excluded. So quietness is likely the most vague of every single phonetic structure. 2. 2. 2. 1 The Role in Communication Silence does both great and awful in correspondence. From one viewpoint, it is valuable when one needs to be aberrant or to be affable by leaving alternatives. Quiet gives the listener time to think about a reaction what exactly has been said previously, and it very well may be utilized as a conflictâ€avoidance procedure. It is simpler to fix quiet than it is to fix words. For instance: A: We’ve got word that four Tanzanian colleagues from away will show up tomorrow. Be that as it may, with our huge family, we have no space to oblige them. (Suggested demand: â€Å"Would you help us out? ) B: [Silence; not joined by any particular motion or facial expression] (Denial: â€Å"I don’t need to† or â€Å"I don’t have any room either†) A: What do you think? B: Yes, that is an issue. Is it safe to say that you were ready to complete that report we were taking a shot at toward the beginning of today? The negative reaction in the social milieu wherein this occurred damaged A’s desire that visitors would be invited, and baffled his objective in starting the discussion (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). Another model follows: A: Please wed me. B: [Silence; head and eyes lowered] (Acceptance) The trade happened between Japanese speakers. For the young lady (B) to state anything would have been viewed as wrong in this extremely passionate circumstance (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). In the event that it had happened between Igbo speakers, quietness would be deciphered as forswearing in the event that she kept on remaining there and as acknowledgment whether she fled. An: Are you still frantic at me? B: [Silence] (Affirmative) It is significant that the quietness here passes on a message accurately in light of the fact that it shapes some portion of an interactional open structure. It doesn't deny or end the collaboration which would require some other demonstration, thus helpfully welcomes translation. In every one of these trades, speaker B chose quiet from the conceivable collection of reaction structures accessible to pass on their expected importance. In a word, quiet can be the positive way to keep from utilizing some determinate articulation, thinking about the spot of quietness comparable to other informative structures. Then again, one’s inability to state something that is normal in a given second by the other party can be deciphered as an indication of antagonistic vibe or idiocy. . 2. 2. 2 Silence, Face-Saving View and Politeness Silence is viewed as positive when taken as proof of the presence of something positive underlyingâ€for model, legitimate regard; the quiet of the phone when it speaks to isolation for inventive work; the quietness of, as the expression communicates, â€Å"sweet quiet thought†; and the quiet of ideal affinity between underwear who don't need to trade words. Be that as it may, quietness is likewise observed as positive whenever expected to speak to the oversight of something negativeâ€â€Å"If you can’t state something pleasant, don’t state anything†. Quietness turns into a terrible thing in the event that it appears to speak to the presence of something negativeâ€the quietness of fuming outrage. Be that as it may, it is likewise adversely esteemed on the off chance that it is expected to speak to the exclusion of something positiveâ€the quiet of the phone when you are restlessly anticipating a specific call; the oversight of a welcome which comprises being scorned; inaction in light of the fact that suitable move isn't being made. Consequently, quietness can be esteemed to have two advantages in compatibility and preventiveness (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). The compatibility advantage originates from being comprehended without putting one’s significance on record, so understanding is seen not as the aftereffect of placing importance into wordsâ€which apparently could be accomplished with any two individuals who talk the equivalent languageâ€but rather as the more noteworthy comprehension of shared point of view, understanding and closeness, the more profound feeling of communicating in a similar language. This is the positive estimation of quietness coming from the presence of something positive hidden. The guarded estimation of quietness originates from excluding to state something negativeâ€not defying conceivably troublesome data, or being capable later to deny having implied what may not be gotten well. These two advantages can likewise be deciphered as association and freedom, the two superseding objectives of human correspondence. The two objectives can be alluded to as the requirements for respect or separation from one perspective and fellowship on the other; or as positive faceâ€the should be endorsed of by others, and negative faceâ€the need not to be forced on by others. Methods of serving these requirements, t

Developing Outcomes Based Policy for Education

Creating Outcomes Based Policy for Education Since 1994, South Africa has encountered the arrangement cycle in a quick forward mode because of the change stage from the politically-sanctioned racial segregation time. Thus, arrangement structure, enactment and strategy usage have continued quickly in all parts. This change implied that a large number of the approaches that were acquired from the politically-sanctioned racial segregation time were wrong for the equitable administration. With this impact Roux (2002:420) takes note of that protected change has prompted change and change in practically all circles of government and organization. Such changes influenced practically all the useful fields of government, and thus re-imagined the job of arrangement and leaders. Resounding this conclusion Brynard (2005:3) states that an exceptional level of scholarly and political vitality was tackled to create open arrangements that would suit the present needs of the State. South Africa, in an approach setting, experienced a significant survey of strategies particularly somewhere in the range of 1995 and 1996; Brynard (2005:3) terms this period the White Paper Era. Brynard (2000:164-165) further expresses that after 1994, the fair government set out on a forceful procedure of arrangement plan so as to expel segregation in the administrations open approach and rule. This proceeded until the finish of 1990s. The second law based government (1999 to 2004) moved concentrate more towards usage of arrangements of an equitably chosen government, which despite everything proceeds. The focal point of this paper is on the exhibition of such approaches. Goldfrank (1998:1) features the significance of looking past the rapture that accompanies the establishment of new governments when surveying such governments execution. He battles that, in considering the moderately as of late democratized nations, researchers have to a great extent moved past the subject of changes to equitably chose governments and have started to pose inquiries with respect to the sort of majority rule governments that have emerged and how to continue vote based practices. Uniformly, political investigators and entertainers lament the nature of the new popular governments, highlighting some insufficiency, including insufficient councils, wasteful open organizations, degenerate legal authorities, and, maybe most strikingly governments powerlessness to convey their orders. Sanderson (2002:2) bolster this view when he brings up that with expanding addressing and investigation of open mediation in financial and social circles, governments are going to proof of execution for authenticity since it is no longer ensured exclusively by majority rule political procedures. This paper contends that for the administration to have the option to give proof of execution of its strategies, it must systematize a results based assessment framework. An Outcomes-based Policy Evaluation framework is introduced in this paper as an apparatus through which the administration can equitably show accomplishments of its approaches while simultaneously bookkeeping about the exhibition of its arrangements. Notwithstanding, for such a structure to be effective it must be implanted on an all around created proof based framework. Consequently, the scientist will contend that Evidence-based practice is a foundation for a results based arrangement execution framework. Thus an adage that the framework may be on a par with the information that it depends on remains constant for this paper. On the side of this composition, Rosanbalm, Owen, Rosch and Harrison (2009:6) battle that proof based arrangement gives a compelling instrument to build up, in an experimentally substantial way, what works or doesn't work, and for whom it works or doesn't work. With this organized way to deal with assessment, information can be utilized to improve work on, permitting fruitful projects to grow iteratively after some time. Without this methodology, mediations go all through training, little is found out about what works, and the adequacy of social projects doesn't progress fundamentally after some time. Thorough assessment can end the turning of haggles fast advancement to social strategy as it has to the field of medication. This paper, however disparaging of the developing arrangement assessment structure in SA, it recognizes the endeavors made in the approach field since 1994. Further, in recognizing difficulties, this paper tries to adopt a forward-looking strategy that would plot the issues which government must think about so as to build up a results based approach assessment structure. Research Problem Following fifteen years of approach execution, inquiries on whether such arrangements are conveying the proposed results are persistently being raised by various partners including the administration and the decision party, African National Congress (ANC). For example, since its milestone triumph in 1994, the ANC government has presented a few arrangements with the point of improving the day to day environments of the South Africans. Presently the problem that is confronting the decision party is its failure to equitably decide the degree to which the actualized approaches are enhancing the lives of the recently hindered networks. The ANC has emphasized this worry in its Strategy and Tactics archive of 2002 where it contends that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦policy administration duty is undermined by the general nonappearance of dependable and proper data that will assess approach execution and the effect of government arrangement choices. Where there is data accessible it is aggregated and impa rted by those answerable for usage, which brings up the issue with regards to the dependability and legitimacy of the proof that is being introduced to the Executive, Parliament and the decision party. This recommends execution estimation frameworks in government require genuine reevaluating. The greatest test is that most exhibition estimation frameworks in government are still info based and, and no more, report on yields without advocating input-yield proportion (Sangweni 2006:6). Schacter (1993:1) is exceptionally exact in his conclusion of the issue when he battles that open division execution has regularly been estimated as far as what the legislature has done, which means a measure of subsidizing gave, number of kilometers of street tarred, number of new clinic beds, etc. Such estimates center around how bustling the legislature has been as opposed to on what it has accomplished. They feature implies instead of closures. Schacter (1993:2) further contends it is not necessarily the case that monitoring implies, instead of finishes isnt significant. Governments need to quantify the amount they spend and do. In any case, when execution estimation centers too vigorously or only around what amount is spent - inputs or done yields rather than sway on society results the outcome is frequently that open segment associations dismiss why they were made in any case. Open associations might be extremely occupied however be achieving little from societys point of view. For instance, it would be purposeless for the Department of Transport to construct a large number of kilometers of streets to places where nobody ventures. The peril of this methodology, as verified by Radebe and Pierre (2007:110) is that associations take their own execution choices which may not be in accordance with national needs. One of the outcomes of the obvious nonappearance of vital initiative was called attention to as improper framework improvements, for example, constructing new stopping offices at Durban International Airport while the air terminal would be decommissioned in 2009. The motivation behind the Study and Research Questions The reason for this examination is to investigate the degree to which Evidence based and Results based administration approaches are being applied in SA in the territory of open arrangement with a point of improving strategy execution criticism (execution data or proof of whether strategies are fruitful or not). So as to accomplish this reason the analyst will be guided by two principle examine questions. The main inquiry to be tended to is: Why does the expanded thoughtfulness regarding results and responsibility converge with the developing interest for proof based strategies and projects? At the end of the day, how does the progression of associations between science (proof based arrangement making approach) and strategy making improve approach assessment? The specialist will fight that a legislature that premise its strategy choices on logical proof improves its odds of actualizing sound strategies as well as of executing powerful execution assessment of its arrangements. As indi cated by Lasswell (cited by Hoppe 1999:1), strategy science is about the creation and use of information on and in arrangement. Policymakers, who want to effectively handle issues on the political plan, ought to have the option to prepare the best accessible information. This requires top notch information in strategy. Policymakers and, in a vote based system, residents, additionally need to know how strategy forms truly develop. This requests exact information on arrangement. There is an undeniable connection between the two: the more and better information on approach, the simpler it is to prepare information in strategy. Hartig, DePinto, Stone and McIntyre (2003:1) saw that advising open approach with sound science has for quite some time been perceived as an essential requirement for viable strategy the executives However, conveying logical discoveries to arrangement producers in a valuable way has been dangerous. Arrangement producers have regularly needed auspicious access to logical data. What's more, when they do approach, this data is frequently excessively specialized and needs understanding to be genuinely valuable for dynamic. Plainly, there is a need to fortify science-strategy linkages so as to improve approach execution. The subsequent inquiry to be tended to is: what steps have been made by SA towards a results based approach execution assessment system Where are we and what are the holes? To this end, Scott (2006:87) contends that South Afric

What Are the Best Sources For USC DPT Essay Samples?

What Are the Best Sources For USC DPT Essay Samples?The US Navy is one of the best educational institutions in the world and one of the best sources of USC DPT essay samples. Their instructors are among the best in the business, and their courses are designed to prepare students for leadership positions in the civilian workplace. Even though this is the case, there is a large number of students who cannot seem to write an essay for the US Navy that they wish to pursue.These students often wish to follow in the footsteps of those who have accomplished their career track. By taking a course in writing for the US Navy you can find out what it takes to be successful at this task. If you want to take the right steps to advance your career, then you will need to write your own essay.Writing for the military can be difficult for students who are not accustomed to this type of writing. The first thing that you should do is find a course that is right for you. You should find a course that wi ll fit your personality, and at the same time that will train you on the correct grammar and punctuation. If you cannot find the proper course that will help you succeed, then you should go online and find your own program.Once you find a course that will prepare you for the challenge of writing for the US Navy, you will need to choose a course that will teach you how to research your topic. Research is an important part of writing for the military and you should learn how to do this in order to get the proper results. When you do not know the correct word to use or where to find this information, you will not be able to do your job well.If you find that you do not know how to research your topic, you should find a course that will teach you how to do this. This is an important skill to learn, and you should take the time to find the right resource for you. These are some of the best sources for USC DPT essay samples, and you should take the time to learn the skill to see if you hav e what it takes to succeed.Once you have learned how to research your topic, you will need to work on getting your thoughts down on paper before you can begin to prepare for your USC DPT essay samples. Although writing for the military can be difficult, you should learn the skills that will allow you to make the most of your experience. If you write and submit your essays on a regular basis, you should be able to progress into the next level of education and achieve your career goals.Your career will depend on how far you can progress in your military careers. By learning the right research techniques, you will be able to make your career a success. The more you advance, the more you will advance your career and the more prestigious you will become.Remember that while writing for the military can be difficult, it can also be one of the most rewarding things that you will ever do. The skills you learn and the knowledge you gain can help you progress in your career, and even increase your own prestige and influence in the civilian workplace.

Minoan Bronze Age Civilization of Ancient Crete

The Minoan civilization is what archaeologists have named the people who lived on the island of Crete during the early part of the prehistoric Bronze Age of Greece. We dont know what the Minoans called themselves: they were named Minoan by archaeologist Arthur Evans after the legendary Cretan King Minos. Bronze Age Greek civilizations are split by tradition into the Greek mainland (or Helladic), and the Greek islands (the Cycladic). The Minoans were the first and earliest of what scholars recognize as Greeks, and the Minoans have a reputation of having had a philosophy that harmonized with the natural world. The Minoans were based on Crete, located in the center of the Mediterranean Sea, about 160 kilometers (99 miles) south of the Greek mainland. It has a climate and culture different from that of other Bronze Age Mediterranean communities that arose both before and after. Bronze Age Minoan Chronology There are two sets of Minoan chronology, one which reflects stratigraphic levels in archaeological sites, and one which attempts to plot societal changes arising from events, particularly the size and complexity of Minoan palaces. Traditionally, Minoan culture is divided into a series of events. The simplified, event-driven chronology is first elements identified by archaeologists as Minoan appeared about 3000 B.C.E. (Pre-Palatial); Knossos was founded about 1900 B.C.E. (Proto-Palatial), Santorini erupted about 1500 B.C.E. (Neo-Palatial), and Knossos fell in 1375 B.C.E. Recent investigations suggest that Santorini may have erupted about 1600 B.C.E., making event-driven categories less than secure, but clearly, these absolute dates will continue to be controversial for some time to come. The best result is to combine the two. The following timeline is from Yannis Hamilakis 2002 book, Labyrinth Revisited: Rethinking Minoan Archaeology, and most scholars use it, or something like it, today. Minoan Timeline Late Minoan IIIC 1200-1150 B.C.E.Late Minoan II through Late Minoan IIIA/B 1450-1200 B.C.E. (Kydonia) (sites: Kommos, Vathypetro)Neo-Palatial (LM IA-LM IB) 1600-1450 B.C.E. (Vathypetro, Kommos, Palaikastro)Neo-Palatial (MMIIIB) 1700-1600 B.C.E. (Ayia Triadha, Tylissos, Kommos, Akrotiri)Proto-Palatial (MM IIA-MM IIIA) 1900-1700 B.C.E. (Knossos, Phaistos, Malia)Pre-Palatial (EM III/MM IA) 2300-1900 B.C.E. (Vasilike, Myrtos, Debla, Mochlos)Early Minoan IIB 2550-2300 B.C.E.Early Minoan IIA 2900-2550 B.C.E.Early Minoan I 3300-2900 B.C.E. During the Pre-Palatial period, sites on Crete consisted of single farmsteads and dispersed farming hamlets with nearby cemeteries. The farming hamlets were fairly self-sufficient, creating their own pottery and agricultural goods as necessary. Many of the graves in the cemeteries contained grave goods, including white marble figurines of women, hinting at the future cultic assemblages. Cultic sites located on local mountain tops called peak sanctuaries came into use by 2000 B.C.E. By the Proto-Palatial period, most of the people lived in larger coastal settlements which may have  been centers for maritime trading, such as Chalandriani on Syros, Ayia Irini on Kea, and Dhaskaleio-Kavos on Keros. Administrative functions involving the marking of shipped goods using stamp seals were in place at this time. Out of these larger settlements grew the Palatial civilizations on Crete. The capital was at Knossos, founded about 1900 B.C.E.; three other major palaces were located at Phaistos, Mallia, and Zacros. Minoan Economy Pottery technology and various artifacts of the first Neolithic (pre-Minoan) settlers on Crete suggest their possible origin from Asia Minor rather than mainland Greece. About 3000 B.C.E., Crete saw an influx of new settlers, probably again from Asia Minor. Long-distance trading emerged in the Mediterranean as early as EB I, propelled by the invention of the longboat (probably at the end of the Neolithic period), and the desire across the Mediterranean for metals, pottery forms, obsidian and other goods that were not readily available locally. It has been suggested that technology drove the Cretan economy to blossom, transforming the Neolithic society into a Bronze Age existence and development. The Cretan shipping empire eventually dominated the Mediterranean Sea, including mainland Greece and Greek Islands and eastward to the Black Sea. Among the major agricultural goods traded were olives, figs, grains, wine, and saffron.  The main written language of the Minoans was the script called Linear A, which has yet to be deciphered but may represent a form of early Greek. It was used for religious and accounting purposes from about 1800–1450 B.C.E., when it abruptly disappeared to be replaced by Linear B, a tool of the Mycenaeans, and one that we can read today. Symbols and Cults A considerable amount of scholarly research has focused on the Minoan religion and the impact of the social and cultural changes that occurred during the period. Much of the recent scholarship has focused on the interpretation of some of the symbols associated with Minoan culture. Women with Upraised Arms. Among the symbols associated with Minoans is the wheel-thrown terracotta female figurine with upraised arms, including the famous faience snake goddess found at Knossos. Beginning in late Middle Minoan times, Minoan potters made figurines of females holding their arms upward; other images of such goddesses are found on seal stones and rings. Decorations of the tiaras of these goddesses vary, but birds, snakes, disks, oval palettes, horns, and poppies are among the symbols used. Some of the goddesses have snakes coiling around their arms. The figurines fell out of use by the Late Minoan III A-B (Final Palatial), but appear again in LM IIIB-C (Post-Palatial). The Double Axe. The Double Axe is a pervasive symbol by Neopalational Minoan times, appearing as a motif on pottery and seal stones, found written in scripts and scratched into ashlar blocks for palaces. Mold-made bronze axes were also a common tool, and they may have been associated with a group or class of people connected with leadership in agriculture. Important Minoan Sites Myrtos, Mochlos, Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, Kommos, Vathypetro, Akrotiri. Palaikastro End of the Minoans For some 600 years, the Bronze Age Minoan civilization thrived on the island of Crete. But in the latter part of the 15th century B.C.E., the end came rapidly, with the destruction of several of the palaces, including Knossos. Other Minoan buildings were torn down and replaced, and domestic artifacts, rituals, and even the written language changed. All of these changes are distinctly Mycenaean, suggesting a population shift on Crete, perhaps an influx of people from the mainland bringing their own architecture, writing styles and other cultic objects with them. What caused this great shift? Although scholars are not in agreement, there are in fact three major plausible theories for the collapse. Theory 1: Santorini Eruption Between about 1600 and 1627 B.C.E., the volcano on Santorini island erupted, destroying the port city of Thera and decimating the Minoan occupation there. Giant tsunamis destroyed other coastal cities such as Palaikastro, which was completely inundated. Knossos itself was destroyed by another earthquake in 1375 B.C.E. There is no doubt that Santorini erupted, and it was devastating. The loss of the port on Thera was exceptionally painful: the economy of the Minoans was based on maritime trade and Thera was its most important port. But the volcano didnt kill everyone on Crete and there is some evidence that the Minoan culture didnt immediately collapse. Theory 2: Mycenaean Invasion Another possible theory is an ongoing conflict with the Mycenaeans mainland in Greece and/or New Kingdom Egypt, over control of the extensive trade network that had developed in the Mediterranean at the time. Evidence for the takeover by Mycenaeans includes the presence of scripts written in the ancient written form of Greek known as Linear B, and Mycenaean funerary architecture and burial practices such as the Mycenaean-type warrior graves. Recent strontium analysis shows that the people buried in warrior graves are not from the mainland, but rather were born and lived their lives on Crete, suggesting that the shift to a Mycenaean-like society may not have included a large Mycenaean invasion. Theory 3: Minoan Insurrection? Archaeologists have come to believe that at least a substantial portion of the reason for the downfall of the Minoans may have been internal political conflict. The strontium analysis research looked at the dental enamel and cortical thighbone from 30 individuals previously excavated from tombs in cemeteries within two miles of the Minoan capital of Knossos. Samples were taken from contexts both before and after the destruction of Knossos in 1470/1490, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios were compared to archaeological and modern animal tissues on Crete and Mycenae in the Argolid mainland. Analysis of these materials revealed that all of the strontium values of individuals buried near Knossos, whether before or after the destruction of the palace, were born and raised on Crete. None could have been born or raised on the Argolid mainland. A Collection End What archaeologists are considering, overall, is that the eruption on Santorini destroying the ports likely caused an immediate interruption in the shipping networks, but did not in itself cause collapse. The collapse came later, perhaps as escalating costs involved with replacing the port and replacing the ships created more pressure on the people on Crete to pay for rebuilding and maintaining the network. The Late Post-Palatial period saw the addition to the ancient shrines on Crete of large wheel-thrown pottery goddess figures with their arms stretched upward. Is it possible, as Florence Gaignerot-Driessen has supposed, that these are not goddesses per se, but votaries representing a new religion replacing the old? For an excellent comprehensive discussion of Minoan culture, see the University of Dartmouths History of the Aegean. Sources Angelakis, Andreas, et al. Minoan and Etruscan Hydro-Technologies. Water 5.3 (2013): 972-87. Print.Badertscher, S., et al. Speleothems as Sensitive Recorders of Volcanic Eruptions – the Bronze Age Minoan Eruption Recorded in a Stalagmite from Turkey. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 392 (2014): 58-66. Print.Cadoux, Anita, et al. Stratospheric Ozone Destruction by the Bronze-Age Minoan Eruption (Santorini Volcano, Greece). Scientific Reports 5 (2015): 12243. Print.Day, Jo. Counting Threads. Saffron in Aegean Bronze Age Writing and Society. Oxford Journal Of Archaeology 30.4 (2011): 369-91. Print.Ferrara, Silvia, and Carol Bell. Tracing Copper in the Cypro-Minoan Script. Antiquity 90.352 (2016): 1009-21. Print.Gaignerot-Driessen, Florence. Goddesses Refusing to Appear? Reconsidering the Late Minoan III Figures with Upraised Arms. American Journal of Archaeology 118.3 (2014): 489-520. Print.Grammatikakis, Ioannis, et al. New Evidence About the Use of Serpentinite in the Minoan Architecture. A ?-Raman Based Study of the â€Å"House of the High Priest† Drain in Knossos. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 16 (2017): 316-21. Print.  Hamilakis, Yannis. Labyrinth Revisited: Rethinking Minoan Archaeology. Oxford, England: Oxbow Books, 2002. Print.Hatzaki, Eleni. The End of an Intermezzo at Knossos: Ceramic Wares, Deposits, and Architecture in a Social Context. Intermezzo: Intermediacy and Regeneration in Middle Minoan Iii Palatial Crete. Eds. Macdonald, Colin F. and Carl Knappett. British School at Athens. London: The British School at Athens, 2013. 37-45. Print.Haysom, Matthew The Double-Axe: A Contextual Approach to the Understanding of a Cretan Symbol in the Neopalatial Period. Oxford Journal Of Archaeology 29.1 (2010): 35-55. Print.Knappett, Carl, Ray Rivers, and Tim Evans. The Theran Eruption and Minoan Palatial Collapse: New Interpretations Gained from Modelling the Maritime Network. Antiquity 85.329 (2011): 1008-23. Print.Molloy, Barry, et al. Life and Death of a Bronze Age House: Excavation of Early Minoan I Levels at Priniatikos Pyrgos. American Journal of Archaeology 118.2 (2014): 307-58. Print.Nuttall, Chris. Friend or Foe: Mycenaeanisation at Phylakopi on Melos in the Late Bronze Age. Rosetta 16 (2014): 15-36. Print.

Describing a Friend Dialogue for English Learners

Read the dialogue and the reading selection to learn about describing both male and female friends.   My Friend My friend Rich is coming to town next week. Have you ever met my him?No, I havent.Hes kind of crazy, but a great guy.Yeah, why do you say so? Whats he like?Hes really hard working, but very much a loner. Hes pretty talented and can do just about anything.Sounds interesting. Is he married?No, he isnt.What does he look like? Maybe my friend Alice would be interested in meeting him.Hes tall, slim and quite good looking. Im sure your friend would find him attractive. Whats she like?Shes outgoing and very athletic.Really? What sports does she like playing?Shes a great tennis player and also goes bicycling a lot.What does she look like?Shes kind of exotic looking. Shes got long dark hair and piercing black eyes. People think she is rather beautiful.Do you think she would like to meet Rich?Sure! Why dont we introduce them?Great idea! Key Vocabulary to be like used for character descriptionto like doing used to state general preferenceswould like to do used to state a specific wishlook like used to speak about physical appearanceloner likes to be alone a lotoutgoing very ambitious and does lots of activitiesathletic very good at sportsexotic from a little known locationpiercing looking deeply intorather very Differences in Vocabulary Between Men and Women Youve probably learned that the adjective handsome is generally used with men  and beautiful with women. Its a general rule, but there are certainly instances in which a woman is handsome or a man is beautiful. Of course, its all in the eye of the beholder.  The same can be said for the adjective pretty which is used with women. Whereas, cute is used when referring to either sex.   This is also true when speaking about a persons character. Any adjective can be used to describe either sex, but some are more common than others. Of course, these days, many people rightly complain about such stereotypes. Still, there are preferences that lie deep in the English language. Guys and gals used to be used to refer to men and women in an informal manner. These days, its common to refer to everyone as guys. Job names have also changed over the years. Its common to change words like businessman to businesswoman or business person. Other job titles such as stewardess are no longer in use.   These changes in vocabulary is an example of how English commonly changes with the times. In fact, English is such a flexible language that its difficult to understand English from four hundred years ago, whereas other languages such as Italian have changed relatively little in comparison.   Key Vocabulary to refer to either sex be used with both male and femalestereotype a general idea, often negative, of how a particular group of people actto change with the times to make changes as the culture changesin the eye of the beholder for the person who is taking noticeto lie deep in the language to be at the roots of a language

Millennials Drive For School Choice - 1894 Words

Millennials’ Drive for School Choice It is notable that the school system has major flaws where variation in methods has caused success and failure to come from different students; this is partially due to the way types of schools function. The flaws in the school system are highlighted in the chapter â€Å"Better Schools: Investing in our future,† from the book, When Millennials Rule: The Reshaping of America, written by David Jack Cahn. They are trying to bring the millennials’ future actions and beliefs to the attention of political campaign organizers. David and Jack Cahn are millennial activists and journalists whose book was publicized by Post Hills Press in 2014. Their book covers present day complications like debt, school reform, and the legalization of marijuana. These topics are highly concerning for millennials and some have been a part of the recent election ballot. I will analyze the chapter â€Å"Better Schools† focusing on charter scho ols. In attempt to improve the system, Millennials have shown initiative by proposing ideas of letting people choose the schools they send their children to, creating a more competitive environment within the school system. The millennials do seem like a unified voting bloc for this issue and do have the resources and know how to effect change. The school system is not working out in the eyes of the millennials and some of these millennials, particularly authors Cahn and Cahn, say â€Å"America’s public education system is broken†Show MoreRelatedGlobal Leadership : The Next Generation Of Global Leaders1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs Millennials continue to grow and dominate the workplace, leaders must identify the factors that will create the next generation of global leaders and how to effectively tap into the vast reservoirs of technological knowledge Millennials bring to the table. This speech will outline the relationship of cause and effect as it relates Millennials, the next generation of global leaders. Keywords: Leader, Organizational Leadership, Millennials, Global Leadershipâ€Æ' Introduction Global leadership isRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Toms1667 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as Generation Y, or the Millennials, who have brought a trend of social awareness and activity. The Millennials are known to support brands whose values align with their own (Fromm). Since Millennials seek ways to be engaged in making a difference in the world, they are a good fit for the philanthropic mission of TOMS. Not only is TOMS selling products that are desirable to this audience, the company’s mission appeals to the values of Millennials. Millennials prefer direct and hands-on involvementRead MoreThe Cost Of Obtaining A Higher Education1633 Words   |  7 Pagesonly a few years from graduating high school and moving on to college, and he is facing the reality that it may not be enough. Rausch hopes that he and his wife will be able to cover most of his children’s schooling, waiting on scholarships to assist in covering the quickly rising cost of education (Rausch). As a consumer with business savvy, he predicts that the costs will likely continue to rise as inflation increases to new highs, facing the millennials with a challenge society has yet to experienceRead MoreDifferences Between Leadership And Millennials1837 Words   |  8 PagesMillennials are increasingly redefining the meaning of traditional leadership. Incidentally, the generation of Millennials is not attracted to recognition or money associated with being in a leadership position. Despite this, they strive to be leaders with an aim of inspiring others and making a difference in the world. The purpose of the presented research is to develop if a difference exists between leadership and Millennials. Additionally, the research seeks to correlate various differences betweenRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Student Preaching1379 Words   |  6 Pagesscriptures but they are only there to support your main text. When using Topical Preaching method you are using a topical message where a preacher or teacher uses passages to support a theory about a particular topic. This is great when you need to drive the revelation God has given you to share with your audience. This method is also good when you bringing clarity for the season the church may be â€Å"heading into or coming out of.† Next is the textual preaching. This method is probably the easiest toRead MoreStarwood Hotels And Leisure Business1478 Words   |  6 PagesMaarten, which is the St. Maarten, the Westin Dawn Beach Resort Spa, St. Maarten (Starwood Hotels Resorts Inc., 2016). Implementation of Competition Starwood’s competitors are Choice Hotel, Ritz-Carlton, and Wyndham. Choice Hotel was founded in June 1939 and offers lodging and hospitality services worldwide. The Choice Hotels latest acquisition was Suburban Franchise Systems, Inc. The Ritz-Carlton, founded in June 1983, is a brand of luxury hotels and resorts with properties located in major citiesRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics In Life1203 Words   |  5 Pagesno one, and then drove away. I feel as though many environmental issues affected my choice to leave the car I hit that morning. At the time, I was working on a large NIH funded grant, for which I had to travel one hour to an elementary school that morning for data collection. I decided to stop at Starbucks for a coffee before my drive, even though I knew I did not have much time if I wanted to be at the school by 7:45 AM. I was feeling anxiety about providing the particular assessment that morningRead MoreThe Youth s Participation Is Becoming The Topic Of Discussion Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pagesspecifically college students, are failing to make it to the polls. Most commonly the older generations look down on the millennials as lazy with no engagement toward the political process as a result for low voter turnout, but in reality, the youth are more involved than most, just at a different angle. Digital natives, those born between the years 1980-2000 also known as millennials are the first generation to grow u p with technology, evidently are more engaged with just about everything via the internetRead MoreDifferences in Training Methods between Older and Younger Generations3152 Words   |  13 Pagesused in school as they were growing up. For example, the millennial generation grew up using computers in school settings. Rather than using televisions and VCRs to watch videos as a way to supplement learning, they used computers, as computers and the internet made information available at any time. By 1994, 35% of schools provided access to the Internet. By 2003, close to 100% of teenagers used the Internet for research on school assignments, and about 80 % used the internet for all school work (SchulleryRead MoreThe Myth Of The Word Narcissism2047 Words   |  9 PagesAmericans of an earlier era because of the introduction of the most advanced technology the world has ever seen. The term Millennials refers to the generation of people born between the early 1980’s and the early 2000’s. As a group, Millennials are unique and unlike any other generation in history. At about 80 million strong, they are a huge population and age group. Millennials have been characterized in a numerous ways. This generation is more affluent, has the best access to education than ever

Cinematography In Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Cinematography In Macbeth Essay When I first watched the two episodes of MacBeth I noticed several differences in the was the two directors portrayed the settings and characters in witch scene. In the first movie I found the witch scene to be very dark and mysterious which made it easy to tell what the witches were doing and the fog and lightning gave me the impression that bad things were yet to come. This atmosphere is totally different from the second video though because the second one takes place on a clear beautiful beach which seems to be very peaceful. They way the second video started out it was kind of difficult to determine what was going on, but as the scene progressed it became easier to understand what was going on. By the was this scene was shot the viewer really has to follow because it seems really strange. It does not follow the typical stereotype of most witches and it is very irregular. The first movie just had a way creepier image to it with the scary music, the witches weird voices and the lightning and stuff going on in the background. At the beginning of the second movie scene Im given the impression that the witches are almost regular people until they start pulling out the arm and rope and stuff. I enjoyed the second movie scene more because it seemed more casual and it really caught my eye because you dont know what is going to happen next. I also liked it because it was simple and it didnt follow the trends of most witch scenes. When I first watched the beach scene I can honestly say that I dislike it, but as I watched it over and over and over and over again I began to notice the little things that made the scene creepy like the squawking seagulls and the mysterious arrival and depart of the witches. The beach seemed like an unlikely place to cast a spell which is why I enjoyed the second movie scene more. So in conclusion these movies are very different in the ways they portrayed the witch scenes at the beginning of Macbeth. They are two totally different styles or directing which both have their positive and negative qualities. Both scenes are based on the same play, but by the first scene it really doesnt seem that way because of the way the director filmed them. But viewing the two scenes changed my perspective on the film industry and how films can change and evolve.

Paul Gustave Dore free essay sample

While accompanying his father and older brother in Paris, Gustave discovered the allure of Paris and made known his intention to remain and pursue his career as an artist (Hubbard 5-8). His work is generally considered as Romanticism and he has been labeled one of the greatest illustrators of his time. His lack of formal training created both derision among art critics and a cult following among common people who could relate to his work. He possessed a grasp of what would be popular among the common folks of his time and a flair for the dramatics in his works. It could be said that the Parisian Art world did not side with him because he did not struggle or starve as most artist did and his financial success was a threat to the very core of Art (McWilliam 829-830). His was a time of great discovery, both scientific and artistic, and an industrial revolution the likes of which gave wealth to the very few. We will write a custom essay sample on Paul Gustave Dore or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When he abandoned caricature work, he did try to redeem himself but, could not break the yoke of commercial production and its promise of wealth (Hubbard 5-8). His inability to sway his critics and peers in his birthplace and formative city (Paris) forced him to ply his wares in England and across the Atlantic to the United States. Gustave Dore became the darling of England and America, and managed to make millions during his half century of life and produced a staggering amount of sketches. At one point of his career as an illustrator, he employed forty blockcutters (WebMuseum 1). Gustave Dore dabbled in both painting and sculpture during his later years and was purported to be a violinist and tenor singer (Hubbard 5-8). The work of Gustave Dore is both loved and spurned during his lifetime but, he certainly maintained a life of wealth his father could not have made and he owed it all to his prodigious pencil. The following works by Gustave Dore, we will examine his favored subjects and themes that showed the suffering of poor people and presented these in surrounding treatment that emphasized those suffering. . Extracted from a book by Blanchard Jerrold and illustrated by Gustave Dore. The book was commissioned as a type of guide through the many streets and venues of London, in essence a Tourist Book (Spartacus. choolnet. co. uk). Instead it became a rendition of the lower class and their plight. A story in the Port Cities: Leisure, health and housing Social conditions in the 19th-century Website cites the following: An artists impression of poverty For those whose imaginations could not be stirred by social commentators like Booth and Mearns, the French artist Gustave Dore (1832-1883) visited Lon don and produced horrific illustrations of life in the port areas that shocked public opinion. Although a commercial success, many of the critics disliked his work. The critics reaction Several critics were angry that Dore had appeared to focus on the poverty that existed on the waterfront, rather than on the finer aspects of life in the metropolis. He was accused by the Art Journal of inventing rather than copying. Completely missing the point, The Westminster Review complained that Dore gives us sketches in which the commonest, the vulgarest external features are set down. (PortCities London. org) Analysis of Formal Elements – One of the most fundamental elements of art is line. [Sayre 82] 1Variety and Quality of Lines Homeless people of London deadened on a bench, third quarter 19th century Figure 1 – Museum of Louvre department of the Graphic arts,  © Museums of France, 1998 Dore’s pencil drawing shows a clear outline of each figure with the use of a heavier line and the details using lighter lines. The implied and contour lines in the garments indicate worn use and filth. The vertical and horizontal rendering on the bench enables the viewer to perceive a seating area made of stone thereby heightening the plight of the homeless and impoverished that is depicted here. The development of each subject is made through the use of foreshortening and perspective. The foreshortening implies a reclining figure surrounded by seated figures. The perception of three dimensions is brought about through the use of reserve, or white background of the paper, on the standing baby and the face of the sleeping girl with a hat. The darker rendering of the other subjects suggest repose while the highlighted baby is awake. The cross hatching and hatching of the garments in uneven manner depicts clothing that is disheveled, worn, and filthy. Couple and Two Children Sleeping on a London Bridge Figure 1 – http://www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167# Dore in Figure 2 now uses a more expressive line in the treatment of the subjects and dark heavy graduated in weight to specify large folds in the clothing and the edge lip of the bench, shown as details in Figure 3 and 4. A sepia wash is used to introduce as a possible element of a darkening sky dotted with white spots indicating stars. To the upper left of the figures is a depiction of crosses faintly visible implying the mast of tall ships thereby implying a port in the distance? The stone bench is still presented by straight vertical and horizontal lines but as opposed to Figure 1, it now shows details such as cracks that normally propagate in stone material. All the figures are dark and disheveled in appearance. Their clothing is depicted in an unkempt appearance and the scene shows a sense of separation from the upper class society because of the way they are lying on the bench, even though they are presented in a manner of dress inure to the upper class. My first impression was a family waiting for transportation to where I do not know after a night out on the town. Normally figures, during that century, waiting for transportation are sitting upright. Dore does not address in his drawing here the same condition as Figure 1. When I first saw this work, I chose not to look at the title and make some preconceived notion as to what was being depicted. When I noticed the implied ship mast in the background, which setup the next perception as a port, it inherently supported my theory of awaiting transportation. Alas, it was not correct and this may shed some light into Dore’s eventual illustration in Figure 5 of the same scene depicting a more impoverished set of subjects on a bench awaiting the light of day. Included as a reference to the depiction of poor vs. wealthy is Figure 6, one of just a few of the drawings the publisher thought would be prevalent in the book. Figure 1 – http://www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167# Figure 2 – http://www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167# London: A Pilgrimage, Asleep Under the Stars Figure 1 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html London: A Pilgrimage, A Ball at the Mansion House Figure 2 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html 2Spatial Strategy A Whitechapel Coffeehouse Figure 3 Use of a frontal recession, street level linear perspective is tantamount to depicting the main figures in this almost monochromatic painting. Dore’s lines are generalized and are meant to capture immediately the scene in its moment. The central figures show a more upright and important stance than the outlying supporting subjects. Their turned bodies show an intense attention to the entrance of these key figures. The key figures wardrobe is straight and the outlying figures show crumpled clothing which may imply poverty. It is not until the illustration in Figure 7 that the sense of desperation among the non-central figures is clearly delineated. It is also in this illustration that the claustrophic effect that Dore is famous for is in full effect. The painting shows a more elevated perspective than the illustration. I have started to question Dore’s intent in the production of these illustrations. Even though his name is clearly on the lower left corner on most prints, the blockcutters name is on the lower right. This clearly implies an employer to employee relationship and does not necessarily imply apprenticeship. The distinct change from study or conceptual drawing to print supports this remark. London: A Pilgrimage, A Whitechapel Coffeehouse Figure 4 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html 3Light and Color The Charity of the fishmongers: study in a district of London, 4th quarter 19th century Figure 1– Museum of Louvre department of the Graphic arts,  © Museums of France, 1998 Dore produced this work five years after the release of the illustrated book London: A Pilgrimage. His rendering of color does not lend itself well to translating key formal elements. Why he chose to color the gathering of men in red is in contradiction to the clear shaft of white light shining on the fishmonger and children. The gathering of men looks to be outside due to the street pole with what may be gaslights. It is reported that Dore was color blind and was not adept at color shading (Malan 1). If it were not for the title I may have mistook this as a gathering of children at a fish market with their caretaker. Under closer scrutiny it shows the children as lacking shoes and wearing torn soiled clothing. 4Texture and Pattern London: A Pilgrimage, Houndsditch Figure 2 – http://www. f. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html London: A Pilgrimage, Found in the Street Figure 3 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html Here again his lack of training shows through on the use of light, shading and shadows. His surrounding treatment is far below his work illustrating Dante’s Inferno or the Bible. Looking at Figure 10 gives th e impression that the candle is giving off more light than it is truly capable of producing. There is also an imbalance to the scene because of the light. Artistic license aside, I prefer George de la Tours rendering in Joseph the Carpenter [Sayre 175]. The Figures clearly show the impoverished condition that has befallen the subjects in the picture and shows, as if in a photograph, the dire predicament that requires immediate intervention 5Comparisons The well meaning Dore did have influences during his formative years and it came about through his beginnings as a caricature artist. Artist like Grandville was admired enough by Dore that he went to him for advice on matters concerning his art. Dore studied closely the work of the first comic strip artist Rodolphe Toepher and this may have created a caricature memory strategy that was difficult to overcome (Duncum 97, 98). Lion Devouring a Rabbit Figure 1 – Eugene DelaCroix DelaCroix’s lion bears a more realistic representation of the animal than the one Gustave Dore’s illustrated on the cover drawing (Figure 15) for the book London: A Pilgrimage. Dore’s lion seems to melt into the surrounding environment and the foreshortening of the front paw and rear paw are not in keeping with the rules of perspective. Hercules at the Crossroads Figure 2 – Albrecht Durer (Germany) circa 1498 London: A Pilgrimage, Gustave Dore Figure 3 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html Albrecht Durer’s treatment of the muscular human male may seem to fall within the same realm as Dore’s human male in his cover drawing but, it shows Dore’s lack of formal training in the way the back muscles are rendered. Durer studied human anatomy extensively including bone structure, which I believe Dore did not fully grasp. London: A Pilgrimage, Newgate Exercise Yard Figure 4 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html There have been questions in the art world as to the influence of Dore on other artist; one in particular is Van Gogh who referred to him as the Artist of the People (Study Light Org). † Van Gogh had produced a picture called â€Å"Prison Yard† and it was presented without reference to being after a major artist and this was not acceptable. The critic clearly states the resemblance of the picture to Dore’s above in Figure 17 and describes it as â€Å"a tolerably literal rendering of an illustration by Gustave Dore. † He does continue to deride Dore with the continuing remark â€Å"It seems as if Van Gogh had discerned, as others have, an occasional article of value in the rubbish-heap of Dore’s production (R. S. 250). This is but one example of Dore’s place in the Art Critics of his time. His development of the illustrations for the book London: A Pilgrimage brought about the issues of the paupers and homeless (Smith 997-1032). Smith projects the impression of France’s workhouses as being equal to the dreadful pictures of London in Gustave Dore’s book. In conclusion Gustave Dore succeeded in presenting to the populace at hand on the issues of poverty through study sketches that were transformed into illustrations. His rendered illustrations clearly showed the large divide between the wealthy and the poor. His handsomely paid commission did not affect what he saw as blight in society. His participation in this particular commissioned work allowed him to perform a service that could not be ignored, and his focus on the plight of the paupers created a controversy that most artists during his time could afford (Grew 204). The many sketches he made for this project is not readily encompassed by this study and many scholars are still building a repertoire of research into a man who turned a commercially paid venture into a social statement, which will provide students and teachers with questions still unanswered.

Pollution in Bangladesh essays

Pollution in Bangladesh essays Bangladesh is apparently now in the grip of all sorts of pollution, like air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution and what not. Dwellers of the urban areas are the worst sufferers. The indiscriminate industrialization process in Bangladesh over the past decades has created significant environmental problems. Among the most significant is the enormous volume of solid waste which is being produced every day but not be disposed properly. The mismanagement of the solid wasted, particularly the polythene shopping bag has caused serious threat to the soil, public health, and drainage system in the cities. The drainage system is about to collapse, About five to six feet of polythene layers have developed at places at the bottom of many rivers and other water bodies. As a non-biodegradable environmental hazard it has already wreaked havoc in public sanitation, not to speak of the irreparable damage its further use could inevitably bring to our life system. Environmental Engineering deals with the study of the technical processes, which can be used for minimizing pollution and environmental impact. Environmental engineering creates the capability of practical application of environmental studies in the real life. The Environmental engineers must play unique rolls to identify the aspects of various environmental issues, emphasize on studying the problem and create public awareness to conserve the environment. The protection of the environment from the potentially deterious effects of human activity, the protection of human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors, and the improvement of environmental quality for human health and well being are the major concerns of environmental engineering. Hence the polythene plight also must be a distinct cause of action for environmental engineering and its various sides should be dealt from the socio-economic point of view. On the 1st of March 2002 The Govt. banned the ...

Conducting Conversations in English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conducting Conversations in English - Essay Example These expressions may also include tone variation. Hence people do not just speak in English; rather, they may use these facial antics. Daniel Allington points out that there is an emphasis in use of institutional, social, physical, interpersonal and cultural context when people are talking. Through this, there is an effect on how one interprets the meaning of the interaction. Interactive talks reveal how language in use every day reflects as well as influencing identities and relationships of the user. These factors lead to many actions that involve the use of English language all over the world. For people to control and organise their language flow, there is the use of poetic and rhetorical features when speak. This ensures that there is the infusion of human communication. In speech and writing, there are sounds and marks that make the words recognisable. Speech experiencing in regard to old people includes face to face expressions as well as screens, telephone, books and screens . In regard to the preservation of one’s own self during a conversation there is consideration of the facial expressions in use including gestures. This may also include tone variation, which is, a vital aspect in ensuring that a person’s tone maintains it originality. ... P.23-27). In the context of language use, the term appropriateness indicates the necessity of the language when conversing. For one to ensure that there is the appropriateness in the language, one should consider the people who they are conversing with, the situation that leads to the conversation as well as the media of conversation. Appropriateness is different from correctness because the former indicates how able is it to use a certain language, while the later indicates whether the language in use is acceptable. In the use of English, there is creativity each day. There is creativity and play in the use of English while speaking and writing. Through the use of these phenomena’s, there is persuasion to an audience in making a point and in the conceding of a point. In human communication, there is the infusion of rhetorical and poetic characteristics. This is in reference to the conversation between Yael, Etham and Nahla where they use persuasion. This is when Yael asks Eth an, â€Å"What are doing.† This ensures there is creativity in conversing in English (Matthews, 2010, p. 34-36). In making an English conversation, there is consideration of digital English and material English, as the technology advances, the wording changes. In making a conversation, there should be an opening and a closing statement to ensure that the conversation has no fragments. Through it, there is a distinction between the linguistics utterances and the action of uttering it. The utterances help perform many social functions. Most opening and closing utterances are effective in a telephone conversation where the subjects use English language to converse. For an

Is European Union undermining the sovereignty of its individual member Essay

Is European Union undermining the sovereignty of its individual member states - Essay Example The next case that further emphasized upon the sovereignty principle was Case 11/70 Internanationale Handelsgesellschaft GmbH3, whereby it was stated that even where the case was in respect of fundamental rules that had been established by way of the German Constitution, Community law would prevail over such national laws and rules. Another important case which can be cited in respect of the powers of the courts of the member states to respect the sovereignty of Community Law is Case 106/77 Simmenthal SpA (No.2)4 whereby it was stated that even a court of first instance were under a duty to set aside provisions of national law which were incompatible with Community law. Furthermore, there was no need to wait for the national law to be amended in accordance with the EC law and so the national law could be set aside where it was in conflict with a directly applicable or effective provision of the EC law. The duty to respect sovereignty of EC law was extended to administrative agency wh ich was dealing with a national insurance scheme who were said to have powers to set aside conflicting provision. (Case C-118/00 Larsy v. INASTI)5. It is important to mention here that even thought by virtue of the powers being given to courts and administrative agencies the national measure is held to be inapplicable, the Member State is still held to be under a continuing obligation to repeal the conflicting provisions. The Courts in Case 167/73 Commission v. France (French Merchant Seamen)6 for the sake of legal certainty expressly stated the Member States are under an obligation to repeal the offending or contradicting national provision or rule. A step forward in respect of this can be seen from the fact that even if there is not sufficient certainty as to whether a person has a Community law claim, the supremacy doctrine specifies that the national court should set aside the provisions that may prevent anyone from acquiring the full benefit of Community law, even if this is es tablished later in time. The concept can be seen to have been applied in Case C-213/89 R v. Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte Factortame Ltd and others7 which was a case on Spanish fishermen who claimed that the UK Act prevented them from fishing in British water and therefore was in contradiction and breach of EC Treaty Articles. The fishermen sought interim relief in this respect; however, the problem that arose in this respect was that the courts in UK were not empowered to grant an injunction against the State, thereby suspending an Act of Parliament. The problem in this case was the if interim relief was not provided the Spanish fishermen would have been driven out of business and might have suffered huge losses and therefore a subsequent judgment would not in any way serve their purpose. The ECJ held that the act of Parliament must be set aside and subsequently the House of Lords granted an injunction. There has been a strong reaction by the national courts in respect of the concept of direct effect and supremacy which has been developed by the Court of Justice. The important point that needs to be looked into when determining the way how the EC law enters the Member State is dependent on the fact as to whether the member state is monist or a

Looking At Womens Sexuality In Cane English Literature Essay

Looking At Womens Sexuality In Cane English Literature Essay The Harlem Renaissance was a time period when the African American art and culture started to thrive. This time period many African American people started feeling more assimilated with American culture then before. The migration from the suppressed south to the north is what ushered in the Harlem Renaissance period. This was also a time where African Americans had let down their inhibitions which in turn paved the way for the culture to come through. Still, many black people had to go through challenging times. Many of the southern blacks had to deal with racial beatings and lynching. The author who really drew a vivid picture of the lives of southern black people was Jean Toomer. Toomer wrote his famous novel Cane at the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance which further inspired other African American artist. In Cane, Toomer uses vibrant imagery of Georgia and symbolism to show the lives of southern black people. His stories Portrait in Georgia and Georgia Dusk mention lynchings th at white people use in attempt to show black people who the powerful race is. Other stories like Song of the Son and Cotton Song echo the past history of slavery. One prominent theme that seems to be relevant in Cane is sexuality, or more prominently black womens sexuality. In the first story Karintha, Toomer tells of a girl who Men had always wantedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦even as a child (Toomer 1). The lust of Karintha at a young age was one so tempting that even older men wished for youth so they would have a chance with her. This changes though when She played home with a small boy who was not afraid to do her bidding (Toomer 1). This line seems to imply that Karintha married a man who could provide certain things to her. Further lines that talk about the old men who remind Karintha of when they use to lust after her, mentions that she Smiles, and indulges them when she is in the mood for it, which supports the idea that Karintha has turned into a prostitute. This is also evident when Toomer explains: The attention given to Karintha was only used for her sexuality. Ultimately, the lust for Karintha dehumanized her existence and The soul of her was a growing thing ripened too soon (Toomer 2). This quote reinforces the idea of Karintha being a prostitute. From these actions it could also be implied that Karintha had a stillborn baby when Toomer writes But Karintha is a woman, and she has had a child. A child fell out of her womb onto a bed of pine-needles in the forest (Toomer 2). At the beginning of this story, Toomer shows the innocence of a young Karintha, he then contrasted that to an older used Karintha. Another story Carma is about a black woman who is strong as any man (Toomer 10). Carmas promiscuous sexuality is what ultimately lands her husband in a chain gang. The story goes on to explain that Carma has an extramarital affair She had others. No one blames her for that (Toomer 11). She might not be blamed for that, but she is blamed after her husband finds out about the affair. This leads to Carma shooting herself to gain more sympathy from him. This does nothing but anger her husband who states Twice deceived, and one deception proved the other, then kills a man next to him (Toomer 11). Toomer portrays Carma as somewhat of a she devil for her promiscuous sexuality that angers her husband who ends up serving his time. Toomer shows the opposite of the sexual promiscuity in the last two stories with Fern. Fern is a black woman whose body is sexualized by other men but she purposefully remains a virgin. While men thought that Ferns eyes said to them that she was easy, really she did not feel obliged to satisfy their needs. Men could not believe that she would not have them and A sort of superstition crept into their consciousness of her being somehow above them. Being above them meant that she was not to be approached by anyone. She became a virgin (Toomer 14). It the story it says that while being a virgin is normal, not wanting to reproduce is not and that black folks were made to mate (Toomer 15). It could be assumed that Fern is portrayed as a Madonna, which would coincide with a line in another one of Toomers stories that mentions a Negress who drew a portrait of a black Madonna on the courthouse wall (Toomer 21). After the narrator spend time with Fern, he breaks down the real Fern who ended up fainting in his arms. The men in the town hear about this and the narrator is given dirty looks because they felt he had in some way threatened their black Madonna. Toomer uses vivid images of the landscape in the story. At the end, he connects Fern with the detailed landscape. Toomers next story Esther, is a about a black girl who looks like a little white child (Toomer 20). Through the story Esther badly wants to associate herself to the black culture but finds it hard because she is lighter and her dad is the richest black person in town. Esther in not portrayed as a black temptress like in the other stories in Cane; she is considered not attractive. Esther dreams of being accepted into the black culture. In one, she dreams there is a fire in the town which could be seen as a metaphor for her desire. When the fire starts the women scoot in all directions leaving Esther with a baby who is Black, signed, woolly, tobacco-juice baby-ugly as sin. Once held to her breast, miraculous thing: its breath is sweet and its lips can nibble (Toomer 22). This can be interpreted as Esther thinking that she needs a dark skinned baby to feel less light skinned. While the people in her dream might see the baby as ugly, she sees it as her bond to darker skin, forgetting her own color. Esther knows that men do not notice her and even says I dont appeal to them. I wonder why (Toomer 22). This is when her obsession with a black man named Barlo begins because it helps her forget she is lighter. She wants to offer herself to Barlo so she will be able to conceive her dark skinned child she had dreamed of, thus becoming more darkened. When Barlo returns to town she seeks to meet him face to face to give her body to him which does not turn out well as he recognizes her lighter skin tone. With the failed disappointment Esther tells herself The thought comes suddenly, that conception with a drunken man must be a mighty sin (Toomer 25). Her dreams to reproduce with Barlo failed, she becomes completely disembodied. At the end of this story, the town disappears along with her dreams. While the men in African American culture tried so hard to get away from the view that white people had, believing black people to be over sexualized beings, Toomer portrayed his black women just as that. While there has been a social stigma surrounding the false belief that African American women are over sexualized, some of the stories such as Karintha, Carma, and Fern do nothing to discredit that belief. Granted, this was not a stronger theme in these stories that lynching or slavery was. That being said, the Harlem Renaissance period was a time when white people had started to notice African American art and Toomer tried to accurately display the real lives of African Americans in Cane.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay :: Synthesis Essay

1. What is a synthesis? A synthesis is a written discussion incorporating support from several sources of differing views. This type of assignment requires that you examine a variety of sources and identify their relationship to your thesis. 2. Synthesis is used in: Analysis papers to examine related theories. For example a comparison between the theories of evolution or who shot JFK. Research papers to incorporate multiple sources. For example looking at economic and social effects of proposed legislation. Argument papers to compare differing views and support a coherent claim. For example, is Turn it in a violation of student’s rights? One side may argue that the company steals students’ papers while others claim that students agree to have their work archived. Business reports to examine differing ideas and blend into a coherent plan. For example, what are some of the plans to improve Toledo’s waterfront to attract more visitors and increase business opportunities? 3. Tips for an effective synthesis essay: Establish your purpose to shape the way you want to argue and form your thesis. The thesis is the main claim or idea of your essay. Select your sources and become familiar with them so that you can discuss them in relationship to your thesis and supporting argument(s). If you simply quote sources without evaluating them then the sources will control your paper and your audience will may misinterpret the information. Develop an organizational plan. Arrange more than just one source per point; multiple sources will increase your credibility. Look at how sources may agree or disagree with one another and evaluate which source has better logic or more credibility. Evaluate or interpret each source, then show the relationship between the sources and your thesis. Document each source; note the author and page number as well as listing the source on the Works Cited page to avoid plagiarism.

How is the atmosphere of evil achieved in Macbeth? Essay

† Fair is foul, and foul is fair; Hover through the fog and filthy air† (I,i,L-11-12) The witches immediately set the scene for the whole play with these two lines at the end of Scene One. They are describing a role-reversal where everything that was good is now evil, and everything that was evil has become good. These ‘creatures’ (for there is some doubt as to whether they are actually human) are responsible for much of the atmosphere that is created in the play as a whole). They are also one of the driving forces behind Macbeth’s ambition, because if they hadn’t told him that he’d â€Å"†¦be King hereafter† (I,iii, L-50) he would never have wanted to become King, or at least he would have waited his turn. The witches therefore gave him the initial spur to kill Duncan, and are the cause of unnatural effects that happen in the play. These are also a main factor in the atmosphere that is created. Ross talks to an Old Man in Act 2 about â€Å"†¦the heavens† being â€Å"†¦troubled with man’s act† and says that â€Å"by th’ clock ’tis day† (II,iv, L 6-7). He is explaining how the sky has been perpetually dark for as long as he (and the audience) can remember. The effect of the sky being dark on Shakespeare’s audience would be profound. Since they saw the whole of nature as created by God, an evil force overturning creation and the equilibrium of nature would undoubtedly shock and quieten the audience. Ross also describes inversions in the animal world. Ross’s first example is of â€Å"A falcon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  being â€Å"†¦hawked at, and killed† by a mousing owl (II,iv, L 12-13). He also tells how â€Å"Duncan’s horses†¦turned wild in nature†¦as they would make war with mankind†. Shakespeare here makes a reference to the â€Å"Chain of Being†, in which it was thought that all animals, humans, plants and objects had their place. The tales that Ross tells are all of creatures trying to move up in the Chain of Being. The owl is below the falcon in the Chain of Being, and so due to the supernatural, the owl wants to become greater and ‘usurp’ the falcon. The horses are trying to fight against humans. At the start of the play, Macbeth is a patriarchal figure. He’s a strong warrior who is also loyal to King Duncan. This all changes soon after he meets the witches. There was no way he would ever think about killing Duncan. Indeed, his wife has to use a strong argument to persuade him to go through with the murder. After he has gone through with it, after a short period of anxiety, and almost insanity, Macbeth does not hesitate when planning to â€Å"seize upon Fife† and â€Å"give to the edge o’ th’ the sword/His wife his babes, and all unfortunate souls that trace him in his line† (IV,iii, L 151-153). This shows what a dramatic and startling effect the witches prophecies and Macbeth’s actions have had upon him. At the start of this essay I mentioned how the witches set the scene of the play. During the play, they also continue the evil and unsettling atmosphere by their numerous appearances with Macbeth, or on their own. One such scene is at the start of Act 4 when the witches all use powerful and descriptive language to disgust and amaze the audience. For example, all kinds of parts of all kinds of dissected animals are thrown into their â€Å"charmed pot†. They throw in the â€Å"wool of bat, and tongue of dog† and â€Å"eye of newt, toe of frog†. (IV,i, L 14-15). To Shakespeare’s audience this will have not only disgusted the audience but such witchcraft would have frightened them as well. The other theatrical tool that Shakespeare employs is to use strange and vivid characters to show how the evil has been absorbed into every living thing. I’ve already mentioned the witches, but nearly every character (except for the ‘non-evil’ people like Duncan) are affected in some way. Lady Macbeth is seen reading a letter in Act I Scene 5, and also talking to the evil spirits which she believes to be at play. This could show how she is affected in the play as a whole. Macbeth is also dramatically affected, as I have already mentioned. The Porter is another character who is in the play to both amuse and unnerve (two ideas seldom used together). He does this through his loud and aggressive soliloquy and his mentioning of satanic ideas.

Temperance And Prohibition Propaganda - 845 Words

Religion was the main reason behind Temperance and Prohibition movement. The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival that started around the1800’s in the United States. The revivals attracted hundreds of new followers to the Protestant denomination. Massachusetts passed a Temperance law in 1838. If the alcohol where in quantities less than 15 gallons it was banned, The Temperance law was repealed two years later. In 1846 Maine passed the one of the first state prohibition law . Many other states followed by the time the Civil War began in 1861. â€Å"The temperance movement of the 19th and early 20th century was an organized in effort to encourage moderation in the consumption of intoxicating liquors or press for complete abstinence†.†¦show more content†¦The 18th amendment was ratified on January 29,1919. The amendment went into effect about a year later, 33 states had already authorized their own prohibition legislation. The National Prohibition Act. Provided guidelines for the federal enforcement of prohibition. â€Å"Championed by representative Andrew Volstead of Mississippi as the Volstead Act†. Even after President Woodrow Willison veto, the Volstead Act was passed by congress. The act was passed o n October 28, 1919. It was up to the Treasury Department/ Internal Revenue Service IRS for the enforcement of the Volstead Act using Prohibition agents employed through the IRS. It was eventually transferred to the Justice Department. Most of the enforcers could be bribed by the bootleggers. The government had fewer than 1,600 low paid, poorly trained prohibition agents for the entire country. â€Å"The public reaction to the introduction of prohibition was mixed. Less than one hour after prohibition took effect six gunmen hijacked a train in Chicago and stole over $100,000 worth of whiskey that was marked for medicinal use†. Prohibition led to organized crime. speakeasies, bootleggers, bathtub gin, and â€Å"a national wildness called the roaring twenties. Prohibition turned the small gangs that existed in the early 20th century into the powerful mafias that are still around today. A huge public demand for alcohol, made a veryShow MoreRelatedEssay on Prohibition: A Call For Reformation928 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the late eighteenth century, reformers and politics debated the sale of alcohol for many reasons. Issues such as prohibition caused many individuals to engage in politics and propaganda sometimes took the focus off the real problems. President Cleveland won the election in 1884 for the Republican Party, it was said to have been because of a quote by a Republican clergyman. Directed primarily toward Democrats, it labeled them the party of â€Å"rum, Romanism, and rebellion.† In 1850 annual consumptionRead MoreHistory, Social Factors and Economic Impac of the Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States1490 Words   |  6 PagesThis current paper will examine the history, social factors, and economic impact of the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. Ken Burns and Lynn Novick (2011) delve into the topic of alcohol in America in their documentary Prohibition, and this paper will discuss the events before, during, and after the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. This paper will also relate the prohibition of alcohol to the current drug policies of cocaine in the United States. Alcohol and cocaine wereRead MoreWhy Did Prohibition Last so Long Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Did Prohibition Last So Long? Prohibition of Alcohol in America was introduced in 1920 with the 18th amendment of the constitution and was finally revoked in 1933. Prohibition was always considered a failure, due to the way it was policed, the fact the American people at the time liked to drink and the fact that alcohol was very easily accessible. Therefore the fact it lasted thirteen years, despite it being obvious within the first five that things were not working, seems incomprehensibleRead MoreThe Rise of Prohibition in America Essay2623 Words   |  11 Pageshow did the Temperance Movement gain enough strength to legally ban the manufacturing, selling, and transportation of alcohol in 1920? Through the determination and stamina of a multitude of factions throughout America from the early to mid 19th century, into the Progressive Era, federal legislation in the form of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America was passed. Beginning in the mid-1800s and coming to a climax in 1920, the issue of prohibition gained enoughRead MoreEssay about The History of Prohibition975 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Prohibition Source A is aptly named â€Å"Slaves of the saloon†. It shows a man handing over what we guess is his weekly wages to the owner of a saloon – we guess by the men drinking in the background that he is using it to buy alcohol. The source also depicts a woman and her children sitting around a table with no food. We can guess fairly easily that this is the man in the saloon’s family; there is a bill on the floor hinting at lack of money for necessitiesRead MoreThe Reform Movements of America1272 Words   |  5 Pagesmovements. These movements included the temperance movement, education movement, prison movements, womens rights movement, and the anti-slavery movement. When glanced together, there may initially seem to be little connection between these various different movements. However, they were actually supported by a common theme, the liberation of the human spirit. This idea that all humans should be free provided the support for all of the different movements. The temperance movement was based on the idea thatRead More Discrimination of Italian Immigrants in American History Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigration to 2% of their United States population bases on the census of 1890. These acts both passed with an overwhelming majority voting for them.   During this time, many social movements were taking place in America, such as the labor movement, the temperance movement, and the r eactionary movements of many white protestant groups, and all were looking for public support.   Often, these groups would try to unify people around a central idea in order to gain this backing. Many groups exploited Americans’Read More Causes of the Civil War Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups, including the Methodists and Lutherans had strong antidrink traditions based upon religious teachings. Prohibition was first tried in America to protect colonial settlers from the attacks of I The earliest reformers called for moderation, not total abstinence, but as their movement gained strength it demanded a complete prohibition of all beer, wine, and liquor. The first temperance legislation was passed in Massachusetts in 1838. Called the Many people in this era were beginning to be categorizedRead More Cultural Context: Alcohol Essay2143 Words   |  9 Pagesagainst liquor as the cause or demise of their success. Prohibition marked a change in the American way of life and is best documented by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway in their contemporary works. Both of these authors grappled with alcohol use and abuse within their own lives and writing. On 12:01 a.m. on July 16, 1920 the 18th Amendment went into effect, marking the beginning of a thirteen-year period of national Prohibition in the United States. The movement had existed for decadesRead MoreEssay Why All Drugs Should Be Legalized 1468 Words   |  6 Pages Abraham Lincoln once said: â€Å"Prohibition will work great injury to the cause of temperance. It is a species of intemperance within itself, for it goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation, and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A Prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded.†(Lincoln) When most people think of prohibition, they think of the 18th amendment of the constitution; the alcohol